Research Cluster

Healthcare Use in Intellectual Disability

This cluster looks at how often people with intellectual disabilities go to the doctor, the hospital, or the ER, and why they go. It shows they visit doctors more and spend more money than other people. A BCBA can use these facts to plan better health programs and teach families when to seek care. Knowing the patterns helps BCBAs work with doctors to keep clients healthy and out of the hospital.

40articles
2002–2025year range
5key findings
Key Findings

What 40 articles tell us

  1. Children with intellectual disabilities in Taiwan average roughly three times the medical costs of peers without disabilities, driven largely by rehabilitative and psychiatric service demand.
  2. Women with intellectual disabilities receive mammography and Pap smear screenings at rates far below the general population, with the gap widening for those with severe disability.
  3. Even under universal health insurance, most children with disabilities in Taiwan miss preventive care, especially those with severe impairments, low income, or urban residence.
  4. Early intervention uptake in Taiwan varies more than two and a half times across cities, showing that geography significantly affects which children receive services.
  5. About four in five adults with intellectual disabilities in Taiwan experience social exclusion across living, employment, or income domains.
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Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions from BCBAs and RBTs

They have higher rates of co-occurring medical conditions, more psychiatric diagnoses, and greater need for rehabilitative services. Research shows children with intellectual disabilities average roughly three times the medical costs of peers, driven primarily by rehabilitation and psychiatric care.

Barriers include difficulty navigating appointments, physical access challenges, caregiver awareness gaps, and systemic underinvestment in outreach to this population. Research shows rates as low as one-tenth of general population levels. Active outreach and caregiver education are needed to close this gap.

Track which screenings each client is due for and raise them with families and primary care providers. Help families find accessible healthcare providers. Use your position in the care team to bridge the gap between ABA services and medical care.

Service density, funding allocation, and provider availability all differ across cities and regions. Research from Taiwan shows more than a two and a half times difference in uptake across cities. Families in underserved areas need active help navigating to services that exist elsewhere.

Social exclusion, including unemployment, social isolation, and low income, predicts worse health outcomes independently of medical care access. About four in five adults with intellectual disabilities in research samples experience significant social exclusion. Addressing isolation and employment is also addressing health.