Research Cluster

Community Living for Adults With ID

This cluster looks at where adults with intellectual disability live and how it changes their skills and happiness. Studies show that small homes in regular neighborhoods help people learn more daily skills and join community fun better than big group places. Moving out of institutions only works if the new home gives real choices every day. A BCBA can use these facts to pick and shape homes that truly help clients grow.

98articles
1980–2025year range
5key findings
Key Findings

What 98 articles tell us

  1. Moving adults with profound intellectual disabilities from large institutions to small community homes produces large quality-of-life gains across every domain within six months.
  2. Community placement only produces lasting benefits when residents have real daily choices, not just a different physical location.
  3. Residential care doubles victimization risk for adults with intellectual disabilities compared to living at home, making safeguarding a constant priority.
  4. Stable living conditions and personal control over daily routines are strong predictors of quality of life for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
  5. For-profit intermediate care facilities receive more regulatory deficiency citations than non-profit providers, despite similar self-reported quality measures.

Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions from BCBAs and RBTs

Yes, but only when the home gives people real choices every day. The research is clear that location alone does not produce benefits. What you do inside the home is what drives the change.

Check for signs of abuse on every visit. Know your mandatory reporting rules. Build relationships with the person so they can signal when something is wrong. Residential care doubles abuse risk compared to home, so safeguarding needs to be active, not passive.

Gains hold when ongoing supports are strong, when the person has real daily choices, and when the team reviews the plan regularly. Without follow-up, early gains tend to erode.

Research shows for-profit facilities receive more regulatory citations than non-profit ones. That does not mean all for-profit homes are bad, but it does mean you should look at inspection records and objective data, not just self-reported quality scores.

Studies show meaningful gains can appear within six months of transition to a small community home. The first year is the critical window when the right supports make the biggest difference.