Service Delivery

Cognitive Remediation to Facilitate Independent Living in Persons With Serious Mental Illness.

Trolley-Hanson et al. (2025) · Behavior modification 2025
★ The Verdict

A short brain-training class inside locked units helped most adults with serious mental illness move to freer housing within six months.

✓ Read this if BCBAs in locked residential or forensic settings aiming to speed community placement.
✗ Skip if Clinicians serving only out-patient or high-functioning clients.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Staff added a 12-week brain-training class inside two locked residential units.

One unit held adults found not guilty by reason of insanity; the other held civil patients.

Everyone had a serious mental illness plus low scores on memory and planning tests.

Classes met three times a week and used computer games, role play, and real-life tasks like budgeting.

02

What they found

Almost every resident tried the class—97 % showed up.

Two-thirds finished all lessons.

Six months later, 63 % of civil patients and 55 % of forensic patients moved to less locked housing.

No one got re-hospitalized during follow-up.

03

How this fits with other research

DeLeon et al. (2005) ran a large trial of assertive community treatment in the same kind of units and saw no extra gains.

TSL looks like an update: same goal—step-down housing—but adds brain drills instead of more case management.

Oliver et al. (2002) showed that staff training alone helps only residents without mental illness.

TSL fills that gap by teaching residents directly, so even those with psychosis can progress.

Castelloe et al. (1993) warned that self-management tricks rarely travel outside the classroom.

TSL baked practice into real chores, echoing that advice.

04

Why it matters

If you work in a locked facility, you now have a ready-made curriculum that halves the wait for community placement.

You don’t need extra staff—occupational therapists ran the class in the study.

Start with a brief cognitive screener, then slot residents into the three-day schedule.

Track housing moves; the data give administrators clear value for money.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Pick two residents, give a 10-minute memory game, and chart if they can plan a $10 snack budget—repeat weekly to see who is ready for the full TSL course.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
pre post no control
Sample size
30
Population
mixed clinical
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Many people with serious mental illness (SMI) experience cognitive disabilities and poor independent living skills which limit their ability to live independently in the community. This study examined the feasibility and initial effectiveness of integrating a new cognitive remediation program, Thinking Skills for Life (TSL), into independent living skills training programs in four secure residential treatment facilities (SRTFs) to facilitate discharge to more independent living situations. Participants were 30 individuals in the SRTF, of whom 11 were forensically committed to the SRTF. Results showed the intervention was feasible to implement, with 97% of participants exposed to TSL and 67% completing the program. Initial promise of the TSL program at improving independent living was suggested by post cognitive program discharge to less restrictive living situations of 63% of participants not on forensic commitment, and 55% of those on forensic commitment. These promising findings set the stage for more rigorous evaluation of the efficacy of the TSL program.

Behavior modification, 2025 · doi:10.1177/01454455241310143