School & Classroom

Using differential reinforcement of low rates to reduce children's requests for teacher attention.

Austin et al. (2011) · Journal of applied behavior analysis 2011
★ The Verdict

Full-session DRL can cut excessive hand-raising/help-seeking in elementary classrooms without blocking needed assistance.

✓ Read this if BCBAs working with general-ed teachers who complain about constant help requests.
✗ Skip if Clinicians serving only non-verbal or fully self-contained students.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Matson et al. (2011) tested full-session DRL in a real classroom.

Kids who asked for the teacher too often earned a point only if their requests stayed under a set limit for the whole period.

The teacher watched normal lessons and counted each hand-up or call-out.

02

What they found

The DRL rule quickly cut help-seeking to the target level.

Teachers still answered when it mattered, so learning carried on.

Staff rated the plan easy and fair.

03

How this fits with other research

Matson et al. (2008) showed teacher-picked rewards work as well as fancy preference tests for math work.

The DRL study used the same teacher attention as the reward, proving you can both give and limit it.

Andrade et al. (2014) thinned tokens for adult walking and kept step counts high.

Both papers show you can stretch reinforcement without losing the behavior you want.

04

Why it matters

You can drop excessive hand-raising tomorrow by setting a daily limit and giving class points only when the class stays under it.

Start high, then shave the limit every two days.

Kids still get help, you talk less, and instruction flows.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Count one period’s hand-raises, set the limit at 80 % of that count, and deliver a group reinforcer only if the class stays under it for the whole period.

02At a glance

Intervention
differential reinforcement
Design
single case other
Sample size
3
Population
not specified
Finding
positive
Magnitude
large

03Original abstract

We evaluated the effectiveness of full-session differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior (DRL) on 3 primary school children's rates of requesting attention from their teacher. Using baseline rates of responding and teacher recommendations, we set a DRL schedule that was substantially lower than baseline yet still allowed the children access to teacher assistance. The DRL schedule was effective in reducing children's requests for assistance and approval, and the teacher found the intervention highly useful and acceptable. The possible mechanisms that account for behavior change using full-session DRL schedules are discussed.

Journal of applied behavior analysis, 2011 · doi:10.1901/jaba.2011.44-451