School & Classroom

Effects of a videotape feedback package on the peer interactions of children with serious behavioral and emotional challenges.

Kern-Dunlap et al. (1992) · Journal of applied behavior analysis 1992
★ The Verdict

Two-minute self-video review plus praise quickly lowers rough play and lifts friendly moves for kids with big behavior needs.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running social-skills groups in elementary schools.
✗ Skip if Clinicians serving only non-verbal preschoolers or home-based clients without recess time.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Five elementary students with serious behavior disorders took part.

Each kid watched short videotapes of their own recess play.

They scored each clip: "Was I being nice?" or "Was I being rough?"

After scoring, the teacher gave praise and small prizes for good peer moves.

The team tracked the kids’ nice and rough behaviors across many days.

02

What they found

Problem peer moves dropped for every student.

Nice peer moves rose for every student.

Gains showed up right after the first video session and held for weeks.

Kids needed only one or two 10-minute viewings per week to keep the change.

03

How this fits with other research

Macpherson et al. (2015) took the same idea into kickball with iPads.

They let kids with autism watch a 30-second clip mid-game and saw compliments soar.

The 1992 package works without tablets; Kevin shows tech can speed the cue even more.

Kourassanis-Velasquez et al. (2019) trained peers, not the target kids, using live and video models.

Their autistic students gained joint attention, proving you can push social growth from either side—self-view or peer coaching.

Neef et al. (1986) gave disruptive boys the job of recess monitors.

Negative acts fell, but only while the boys kept the job.

The 1992 video method beats that short-lived fix because reinforcement stayed tied to the child’s own tape, not a temporary role.

04

Why it matters

You can cut playground fights and raise friendly play with a camcorder and a checklist.

Film two minutes of recess, let the student rate it, hand a sticker for honest good marks, and watch the next recess improve.

No extra staff, no peer training, just quick self-feedback plus praise.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Film today’s recess, show the clip right after lunch, have the student check "nice" or "rough" on a sticky note, and give a token for each "nice" check.

02At a glance

Intervention
video modeling
Design
multiple baseline across participants
Sample size
5
Population
mixed clinical
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Peer interactions are among the greatest challenges experienced by children who have severe emotional and behavioral problems. This study evaluated an intervention package designed to increase the ratio of these children's desirable to undesirable interactions. The package included three principal components: (a) observation of videotapes following regularly scheduled peer activity sessions; (b) self-evaluation of the children's peer interactions observed on the videotapes; and (c) delayed feedback and reinforcement for desirable peer interactions. Five students from two elementary schools participated. Multiple baseline designs and one reversal were used to evaluate the effects of the intervention package. The results showed that the intervention produced lower levels of undesirable peer interactions and higher ratios of desirable to undesirable interactions for all participants. The results are discussed in regard to their conceptual and applied implications and in terms of specific directions for future research.

Journal of applied behavior analysis, 1992 · doi:10.1901/jaba.1992.25-355