Practitioner Development

Staff strategies and explanations for intervening with challenging behaviours: a replication in a community sample.

Watts et al. (1997) · Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR 1997
★ The Verdict

Community staff talk nice but still act harsh—train their feelings and muscle memory, not just their words.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who supervise direct-care staff in group homes or day programs.
✗ Skip if Clinicians who only run 1:1 clinic sessions with no staff component.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team gave the same survey to community staff who support adults with intellectual disability.

They wanted to see if these workers used different tactics than staff in the earlier institution study.

Workers wrote down what they usually do and why they think the behavior happens.

02

What they found

Community staff talked more about building good relationships and finding root causes.

Yet in the heat of the moment they still grabbed, blocked, or scolded the person.

These quick reactions clash with best-practice ABA, just like in the old hospital data.

03

How this fits with other research

Hogg et al. (1995) first showed the mismatch in hospitals; this study proves it survives the move to community homes.

Nevin et al. (2005) later used interviews and learned that half of staff take aggression personally—so the gut-level urge to confront is still strong.

Lambrechts et al. (2009) found staff negative feelings rise with each new topographies of challenging behavior, explaining why the snap response keeps showing up.

van Timmeren et al. (2016) surveyed 318 staff and showed emotion and self-efficacy predict good interactions—so we now know what to target in training.

04

Why it matters

You can teach relationship values all day, but if you skip emotional-regulation and in-the-moment practice, staff will still revert to blocking or scolding.

Add brief role-plays that let staff feel the surge and practice calm, reinforcing choices like giving space or delivering a taught replacement response.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Open your next staff meeting with a 5-minute role-play: one person acts out mild aggression, the other practices a three-step calm response; praise calm hands and quiet voice, not just correct steps.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
survey
Sample size
56
Population
intellectual disability
Finding
mixed

03Original abstract

Carers' beliefs about challenging behaviours may partially determine their behavioural responses to them. The present study replicated previous work on the beliefs of institution staff and their explanations about interventions for challenging behaviours (Hastings 1996) with a sample of 56 community staff. Many immediate intervention strategies, and the staff motivation for these choices, were in conflict with behavioural approaches to challenging behaviour and would be considered counter-habilitative from this perspective. Staff were able to describe appropriate longer-term interventions. These basic findings confirmed those of previous research with institution staff. However, tentative comparisons suggested that community staff were more likely than institution staff (from previous research) to describe interventions involving the building of relationships with service users and the identification of the underlying causes of the behaviours.

Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR, 1997 · doi:n/a