Practitioner Development

Making behavioral technology transferable.

Pennypacker et al. (1997) · The Behavior analyst 1997
★ The Verdict

Write your procedures like engineering specs so any BCBA can run them tomorrow.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who design programs, supervise staff, or share protocols across sites.
✗ Skip if RBTs who only implement plans written by others.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The authors looked at why good ABA ideas often stay stuck in labs.

They asked: what makes a procedure truly shareable like an engineering blueprint?

The paper lays out a checklist: numbers, steps, and proof that anyone can repeat.

02

What they found

Without clear specs, even great interventions fade when the original team moves on.

The fix is to treat every procedure like a recipe with exact measures and bake times.

03

How this fits with other research

Fuqua (2025) shows the idea in action. Pennypacker’s breast-self-exam kit lists exact hand angles, timing, and scoring sheets. Clinics across the US now use it.

Kincaid (2023) picks up the same torch. His gradual-change taxonomy gives you three-word labels like “stimulus fade” so every team runs the same procedure.

Austin et al. (2024) uses the lens for trauma-informed care. They argue new TIC moves must meet the same spec-first standard before wide use.

04

Why it matters

Next time you train staff or write a program, add the missing numbers. State the exact prompt delay in seconds, the mastery criterion in trials, and the data sheet format. Your procedure will travel intact to the next clinic, the next client, and the next year.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Add one missing spec to your most-used program—e.g., write the exact latency criterion in seconds.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
theoretical
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

The paucity of transferred behavioral technologies is traced to the absence of strategies for developing technology that is transferable, as distinct from strategies for conducting research, whether basic or applied. In the field of engineering, the results of basic research are transformed to candidate technologies that meet standardized criteria with respect to three properties: quantification, repetition, and verification. The technology of vitrification and storage of nuclear waste is used to illustrate the application of these criteria. Examples from behavior analysis are provided, together with suggestions regarding changes in practice that will accelerate the development and application of behavioral technologies.

The Behavior analyst, 1997 · doi:10.1007/BF03392767