Practitioner Development

Expanding the pyramidal staff training approach

Ólafsdóttir et al. (2026) · Journal of Organizational Behavior Management 2026
★ The Verdict

Train-the-trainer BST lets a small group of staff teach FCT to peers at 84 % fidelity—just add quick booster sessions to keep skills sharp.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who oversee staff training in schools, clinics, or residential programs.
✗ Skip if Practitioners who already run daily one-to-one BST with every staff member and see no need to scale.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Ólafsdóttir et al. (2026) tested a train-the-trainer plan. First, a small group of staff learned FCT through Behavioral Skills Training. Then they taught the same skill to co-workers.

The team used a multiple-baseline design across participants. They tracked how well the new trainers taught FCT and how accurate the second wave of staff remained later.

02

What they found

Pyramidal BST worked. Staff who received the first round of training taught FCT to peers with about 84 % accuracy.

Skill dipped a few months later, but a quick booster put accuracy back up. The model let one expert train many staff without daily hand-holding.

03

How this fits with other research

McGonigle et al. (1982) ran the first big pyramidal study. They gave supervisors daily feedback, and 45 staff improved. Ólafsdóttir et al. removed the daily feedback layer and still hit solid fidelity, showing the model can run with lighter oversight.

Yassa et al. (2024) also taught FCT with BST, but they trained each staff member directly. Both papers found the same fade-out pattern, and both fixed it with booster sessions. The new study adds the pyramidal twist, proving the train-the-trainer route is just as good.

Mery et al. (2022) used the same pyramidal setup to teach safe infant sleep. Together, these studies show the approach works across very different skills.

04

Why it matters

You no longer need to train every staff member yourself. Train a few champions in FCT, let them train the rest, and schedule brief refreshers. You save time, keep quality above 80 %, and can scale across classrooms or homes without burning out your senior staff.

Free CEUs

Want CEUs on This Topic?

The ABA Clubhouse has 60+ free CEUs — live every Wednesday. Ethics, supervision & clinical topics.

Join Free →
→ Action — try this Monday

Pick two confident staff, run a half-day BST on FCT, then have each one train two more co-workers this week.

02At a glance

Intervention
behavioral skills training
Design
multiple baseline across participants
Sample size
8
Finding
positive
Magnitude
medium

03Original abstract

While Behavioral Skills Training (BST) is the gold standard for staff training, its application in large organizations can be hindered by limited time and resources. Pyramidal BST addresses this by enabling human service staff to train one another efficiently. This study evaluated a pyramidal BST model for Functional Communication Training (FCT) across: a) accuracy in describing FCT, b) accuracy in implementing FCT, and c) procedural integrity by non-expert trainers. Eight support staff participated in a multiple-probe design demonstrating a functional relation between pyramidal BST and accurate FCT description. Results showed effective acquisition and implementation of FCT, with procedural integrity averaging 84.2% across four tiers. Follow-up revealed reduced accuracy among those who trained others (54.3%) but improved after training (74.2%). Those not training others had follow-up accuracies of 45.2% and 67.7%. Findings support pyramidal BST as a viable model for scalable staff-to-staff training in FCT.

Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 2026 · doi:10.1080/01608061.2025.2499447