Endrew and FAPE: Concepts and Implications for All Students With Disabilities.

The authors unpacked the 2017 Endrew Supreme Court ruling. They asked what the new FAPE standard means for behavior plans in schools.

The paper is a legal think-piece, not an experiment. It looks at how the court raised the bar for meaningful progress.

Endrew says "some benefit" is no longer enough. Plans must now show measurable, meaningful growth.

The ruling pushes BCBAs to write goals that are ambitious and data-rich. Weak or flat graphs may not pass review.

Corr et al. (2025) show FCT cuts problem behavior in schools. Their review gives you tools that can meet Endrew’s higher bar.

Duncan et al. (2023) found EF needs are rarely written into IEPs for included students with ASD. Endrew makes that gap risky; goals must target real growth, not just access.

Perez et al. (2015) linked poor family-school ties to future due-process filings. Endrew adds fuel: parents can now point to weak progress data in court.

You must show steep, meaningful change in each review period. Pick interventions with solid evidence like FCT, write ambitious but reachable goals, and graph every point. If the slope flattens, reconvene and revise. Endrew gives families a clear lane to challenge you—be ready with data that prove progress.