Autism & Developmental

The Study to Explore Early Development (SEED): a multisite epidemiologic study of autism by the Centers for Autism and Developmental Disabilities Research and Epidemiology (CADDRE) network.

Schendel et al. (2012) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2012
★ The Verdict

SEED gives BCBAs a massive, open-data snapshot of preschool autism that can validate or refine the quick screeners you already use.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who evaluate or screen children under five and want solid normative data.
✗ Skip if Clinicians looking for ready-to-use therapy protocols—this is background science, not an intervention manual.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

SEED is a big-picture study, not a therapy trial. The Centers for Autism and Developmental Disabilities Research and Epidemiology (CADDRE) enrolled preschoolers aged 2-5 across six U.S. sites.

They collected deep data on each child: full developmental history, language samples, medical records, and DNA. The goal was to map the autism phenotype and hunt for genetic and environmental risk factors.

02

What they found

The paper does not report new intervention results. Instead, it lays out the study plan and shows that a large, diverse sample of preschoolers with autism, developmental delays, and typical development can be recruited and assessed with the same protocol.

03

How this fits with other research

Hedley et al. (2010) and Stevens et al. (2018) already give you quick screeners for toddlers—Spanish ADEC-SP and the 5-item OERA. SEED extends their work by adding a deep-dive data set you can use to check if those brief tools catch the same kids its full protocol flags.

Kim et al. (2014) created the OSEL language measure for 2-5-year-olds with autism. SEED’s language samples could validate OSEL in a much larger sample, moving the tool from pilot to ready-to-use.

Nadwodny et al. (2025) found LENA audio counts correlate modestly with clinical language tests. SEED’s own language metrics let you test whether LENA holds up across different sites and cultures, something the smaller LENA study could not do.

04

Why it matters

If you assess young children, think of SEED as a reference library. You can compare your local screening numbers to its gold-standard data, check if your favorite tool works across races and incomes, and grab free language or genetics variables for your own analysis. No new kit to buy—just a richer picture of what autism looks like at age three.

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Download the SEED public-use file and cross-check your current screener’s sensitivity against their phenotype codes to see if you’re missing any kids.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
other
Population
autism spectrum disorder, mixed clinical, neurotypical
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

The Study to Explore Early Development (SEED), a multisite investigation addressing knowledge gaps in autism phenotype and etiology, aims to: (1) characterize the autism behavioral phenotype and associated developmental, medical, and behavioral conditions and (2) investigate genetic and environmental risks with emphasis on immunologic, hormonal, gastrointestinal, and sociodemographic characteristics. SEED uses a case-control design with population-based ascertainment of children aged 2-5 years with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and children in two control groups-one from the general population and one with non-ASD developmental problems. Data from parent-completed questionnaires, interviews, clinical evaluations, biospecimen sampling, and medical record abstraction focus on the prenatal and early postnatal periods. SEED is a valuable resource for testing hypotheses regarding ASD characteristics and causes.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2012 · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.76