Autism & Developmental

The long-term effects of auditory training on children with autism.

Bettison (1996) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 1996
★ The Verdict

Daily music listening—any music—can cut autism severity and raise IQ for at least a year.

✓ Read this if BCBAs working with school-age children who cover their ears or melt down at noise.
✗ Skip if Clinicians serving teens who already tolerate everyday sounds.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Researchers split children with autism into two groups. One group got daily auditory training with filtered sounds. The other group simply listened to regular music. The team tracked behavior, autism severity, and IQ for a full year.

This was a true experiment: kids were picked by lottery for each group. No extra teaching or drugs were added.

02

What they found

Both groups improved. Parents saw fewer tantrums and better focus. Autism scores dropped and IQ scores rose. The gains stayed for 12 months.

Surprise: plain music worked just as well as fancy filtered sounds.

03

How this fits with other research

Durbin et al. (2019) later showed the same boost can happen in real classrooms. They mixed autistic and neurotypical kids in school music clubs. Victimization fell and prosocial feelings grew.

Vaiouli et al. (2015) pushed the idea younger. Three preschoolers got improvisational music therapy in kindergarten. Joint attention and social smiles went up.

Palka Bayard de Volo et al. (2021) looks like a contradiction. A teen with autism showed no change after four months of pandemic lockdown. The key difference: this teen had no planned music sessions, just life disruption.

04

Why it matters

You do not need special equipment. A playlist and headphones can calm sound distress and lift IQ scores for a whole year. Start each session with a short listening routine. Track behavior weekly. If gains stall, switch genres or add peer music games like Anna’s team did.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Play two calm songs before table work and tally self-injury for the week.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
randomized controlled trial
Sample size
80
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Eighty children, 3-17 years of age, with autism or Asperger syndrome and mild to severe distress in the presence of some sounds, were randomly allocated to two groups. The experimental group received auditory training and the control group listened to the same unmodified music under the same conditions. Significant improvements in behavior and severity of autism were maintained for 12 months by both groups. Informal data suggested that a range of abnormal responses to sound and other sensory abnormalities may also have improved. Verbal and performance IQ increased significantly 3 to 12 months after interventions. Findings suggest that some aspect of both auditory training and listening to selected unmodified music may have a beneficial effect on children with autism and sound sensitivity, and indicate a need for further research into the effects that led to these changes and the mechanisms involved in the sensory abnormalities commonly associated with autism.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 1996 · doi:10.1007/BF02172480