Autism & Developmental

Teaching intermittent self-catheterization skills to mentally retarded children.

Tarnowski et al. (1987) · Research in developmental disabilities 1987
★ The Verdict

Graduated prompting lets kids with ID learn tricky medical self-care in just a few short sessions.

✓ Read this if BCBAs helping children with developmental disabilities master health routines.
✗ Skip if Clinicians who only treat typically developing clients with no medical self-care needs.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Two children with mild intellectual disability needed to learn intermittent self-catheterization.

The team broke the skill into small steps and used graduated prompting.

They started with full hand-over-hand help and slowly faded to simple verbal cues.

02

What they found

Both kids mastered the full routine in only a few teaching sessions.

They could insert the catheter correctly with almost no help.

The skill stuck; they kept doing it right on their own.

03

How this fits with other research

Correa et al. (1984) used the same prompting plan to teach blind toddlers with ID to reach and grab toys.

Their work came first and showed the method works for simple motor skills.

Cox et al. (2017) later added progressive DRO to the prompting package so kids with ASD and ID could lie still for an MRI.

Davison et al. (1995) swapped graduated prompting for pure simulation and still taught an adolescent to insert a nasogastric tube, proving the skill goal matters more than the exact prompt style.

04

Why it matters

If a child with ID must do a medical step at home or school, you can teach it fast.

Task-analyze the routine, prompt from most to least, and fade quickly.

No need for fancy gear—just clear steps and steady fading.

Try it next time a learner needs to manage any tube, shot, or monitor.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Write a 10-step task analysis for the learner’s daily medical task and start with full physical prompts, fading to a verbal cue.

02At a glance

Intervention
prompting and fading
Design
single case other
Sample size
2
Population
intellectual disability
Finding
positive
Magnitude
large

03Original abstract

In an A-B design with replication, the efficacy of a behavioral training program for teaching two mildly retarded children intermittent self-catheterization skills was assessed. Component skills were task-analyzed and trained via a graduated prompting procedure. Results indicated that both children rapidly acquired the component skills necessary to perform self-catheterization in an accurate and nearly independent manner. Benefits of children engaging in their own health-care maintenance are discussed.

Research in developmental disabilities, 1987 · doi:10.1016/0891-4222(87)90052-7