Autism & Developmental

Social robots as embedded reinforcers of social behavior in children with autism.

Kim et al. (2013) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2013
★ The Verdict

A friendly robot side-kick makes kids with autism talk more to the real adults in the room.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running social-skills groups or mand training in clinic or school.
✗ Skip if Practitioners who work only with adults or in settings where toys are not allowed.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team used a small dinosaur robot as a play partner for children with autism.

Kids took turns talking to the robot, a real adult, or a computer game.

An adult sat in each session so the researchers could count how much speech went to people.

02

What they found

Children talked more overall when the robot was in the room.

They also aimed more words at the adult, not just at the machine.

The robot acted like a social magnet that pulled kids into human chat.

03

How this fits with other research

EGranieri et al. (2020) pooled 18 studies and found robot or app social-skills training works as well as face-to-face lessons.

Marino et al. (2020) went further and embedded a robot inside a 12-week CBT emotion program; kids learned feelings faster than with CBT alone.

Libero et al. (2016) used the same robot-partner idea but saw only a tiny bump in eye-contact and no speech gain, probably because the task was a fruit-salad game instead of free chat.

Hopkins et al. (2011) showed an on-screen avatar could boost social skills two years earlier, hinting that any friendly non-human agent can prime interaction.

04

Why it matters

You can place a small robot, plush, or avatar in your session and instantly raise child-to-adult talking.

No extra training modules are needed; the agent itself is the reinforcer.

Try it during mand training or peer set-ups when human eye-contact is low.

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Put a small interactive toy on the table, sit beside it, and count if the child starts talking to you more often.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
alternating treatments
Sample size
24
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

In this study we examined the social behaviors of 4- to 12-year-old children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD; N = 24) during three tradic interactions with an adult confederate and an interaction partner, where the interaction partner varied randomly among (1) another adult human, (2) a touchscreen computer game, and (3) a social dinosaur robot. Children spoke more in general, and directed more speech to the adult confederate, when the interaction partner was a robot, as compared to a human or computer game interaction partner. Children spoke as much to the robot as to the adult interaction partner. This study provides the largest demonstration of social human-robot interaction in children with autism to date. Our findings suggest that social robots may be developed into useful tools for social skills and communication therapies, specifically by embedding social interaction into intrinsic reinforcers and motivators.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2013 · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1645-2