Autism & Developmental

Programming participation in family activities for children with autism: parents' use of photographic activity schedules.

Krantz et al. (1993) · Journal of applied behavior analysis 1993
★ The Verdict

Parents armed with a photo binder can run an activity schedule that keeps kids with autism engaged and calm for months.

✓ Read this if BCBAs coaching families of school-age kids with autism at home.
✗ Skip if Clinicians working only in center-based programs with no parent contact.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Three boys with autism joined family routines like setting the table.

Parents took photos of each step and placed them in a small binder.

The kids flipped the pages to see what to do next.

Researchers watched the boys for months to see if the photos helped.

02

What they found

All three boys stayed on task longer and started more chats with family.

Disruptive behavior dropped sharply.

The gains lasted up to ten months with no extra coaching.

03

How this fits with other research

Bigby et al. (2009) and Spanoudis et al. (2011) swapped the paper binder for a PDA.

Same result: kids stayed independent, but now the device gave voice prompts.

Spriggs et al. (2015) kept the parent-made idea but used 30-second videos instead of still photos.

All studies show parents can run the show at home with simple tools.

04

Why it matters

You can teach parents to snap photos of any routine: brushing teeth, packing a backpack, or starting homework.

One binder and a camera can cut problem behavior and boost family life tonight.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Pick one daily routine, take five clear photos of each step, and hand the mini-binder to the parent to run this week.

02At a glance

Intervention
self management
Design
multiple baseline across participants
Sample size
3
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

The parents of 3 boys with autism were taught to help their children follow photographic activity schedules depicting a variety of home-living tasks. A multiple baseline across participants showed that the home-based intervention produced increases in children's engagement and social initiations and decreases in disruptive behavior, which were maintained for as long as 10 months.

Journal of applied behavior analysis, 1993 · doi:10.1901/jaba.1993.26-137