Autism & Developmental

Parent, teacher, and self perceptions of psychosocial functioning in intellectually gifted children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.

Foley Nicpon et al. (2010) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2010
★ The Verdict

Autistic students with IQ ≥ 70 are at high risk for depression and anxiety across all school ages—screen everybody, not just the ‘higher functioning’ subset.

✓ Read this if BCBAs doing assessment or treatment in schools or clinics for autistic students with average or above IQ.
✗ Skip if Practitioners who work only with autistic children who have severe intellectual disability.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team asked parents, teachers, and the kids themselves about mood and worry. Ninety-five autistic students with IQ scores of 70 or higher filled out the surveys.

The study was a one-time snapshot. No one got treatment; they just counted how many kids scored in the clinical range for depression or anxiety.

02

What they found

High rates of depression and anxiety showed up in every age group. IQ level and autism severity did not change the risk.

Parents, teachers, and the students themselves all reported the same pattern. Gifted status gave no protection.

03

How this fits with other research

Badia et al. (2013) looked at the same IQ group and found even sub-threshold symptoms were elevated. Together the two papers say: screen every child with ASD who has average or higher ability, not just the ones who look distressed.

Orinstein et al. (2015) seems to disagree. Their 'optimal-outcome' youth—kids who no longer met ASD criteria—had lower anxiety rates. The key difference is diagnosis: Megan et al. kept the ASD label, while Alyssa's group had lost it. Anxiety stays high until autism symptoms themselves fade.

Bowen et al. (2012) ran a similar cross-sectional survey and also saw nearly half of ASD children land in the clinical range for anxiety or ADHD. The message repeats: expect high comorbidity regardless of IQ match.

04

Why it matters

Do not wait for obvious signs. Pull out simple depression and anxiety checklists at intake and at every annual review for every autistic learner with an IQ ≥ 70. Share the results with parents and teachers so you can refer or treat early.

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Add a brief anxiety and depression screener to your intake packet for every autistic client with IQ ≥ 70.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
pre post no control
Sample size
95
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

Recent studies have shown that rates of depression and anxiety symptoms are elevated among individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) of various ages and IQs and that depression/anxiety symptoms are associated with higher IQ and fewer ASD symptoms. In this study which examined correlates of depression and anxiety symptoms in the full school-age range of children and adolescents (age 6-18) with ASDs and IQs ≥ 70 (n=95), we also observed elevated rates of depression/anxiety symptoms, but we did not find higher IQ or fewer ASD symptoms among individuals with ASDs and depression or anxiety symptoms. These findings indicate an increased risk for depression/anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents with ASDs without intellectual disability, regardless of age, IQ, or ASD symptoms.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2010 · doi:10.1007/s10803-010-0952-8