Parent, teacher, and self perceptions of psychosocial functioning in intellectually gifted children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.
Autistic students with IQ ≥ 70 are at high risk for depression and anxiety across all school ages—screen everybody, not just the ‘higher functioning’ subset.
01Research in Context
What this study did
The team asked parents, teachers, and the kids themselves about mood and worry. Ninety-five autistic students with IQ scores of 70 or higher filled out the surveys.
The study was a one-time snapshot. No one got treatment; they just counted how many kids scored in the clinical range for depression or anxiety.
What they found
High rates of depression and anxiety showed up in every age group. IQ level and autism severity did not change the risk.
Parents, teachers, and the students themselves all reported the same pattern. Gifted status gave no protection.
How this fits with other research
Badia et al. (2013) looked at the same IQ group and found even sub-threshold symptoms were elevated. Together the two papers say: screen every child with ASD who has average or higher ability, not just the ones who look distressed.
Orinstein et al. (2015) seems to disagree. Their 'optimal-outcome' youth—kids who no longer met ASD criteria—had lower anxiety rates. The key difference is diagnosis: Megan et al. kept the ASD label, while Alyssa's group had lost it. Anxiety stays high until autism symptoms themselves fade.
Bowen et al. (2012) ran a similar cross-sectional survey and also saw nearly half of ASD children land in the clinical range for anxiety or ADHD. The message repeats: expect high comorbidity regardless of IQ match.
Why it matters
Do not wait for obvious signs. Pull out simple depression and anxiety checklists at intake and at every annual review for every autistic learner with an IQ ≥ 70. Share the results with parents and teachers so you can refer or treat early.
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02At a glance
03Original abstract
Recent studies have shown that rates of depression and anxiety symptoms are elevated among individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) of various ages and IQs and that depression/anxiety symptoms are associated with higher IQ and fewer ASD symptoms. In this study which examined correlates of depression and anxiety symptoms in the full school-age range of children and adolescents (age 6-18) with ASDs and IQs ≥ 70 (n=95), we also observed elevated rates of depression/anxiety symptoms, but we did not find higher IQ or fewer ASD symptoms among individuals with ASDs and depression or anxiety symptoms. These findings indicate an increased risk for depression/anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents with ASDs without intellectual disability, regardless of age, IQ, or ASD symptoms.
Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2010 · doi:10.1007/s10803-010-0952-8