Autism & Developmental

Evaluation of a Graduated Exposure Procedure to Teach Extended Mask Wearing in Various Settings to Children With Autism.

Ertel et al. (2022) · Behavior modification 2022
★ The Verdict

Graduated exposure can get autistic preschoolers to tolerate masks for at least an hour anywhere you probe.

✓ Read this if BCBAs working with autistic children in clinic, home, or community settings
✗ Skip if Practitioners serving only older clients who already wear masks

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team worked with three autistic preschoolers who would not keep a mask on. They used a step-by-step plan called graduated exposure. Each child started with just a few seconds of mask time.

The plan moved from holding the mask, to wearing it for short times, to wearing it for one hour. The team tested the kids in the clinic, at home, and in stores.

02

What they found

Every child reached the one-hour goal in every place. One month later they still wore masks for four to five hours at a time.

No child pulled the mask off or cried during the final tests.

03

How this fits with other research

Higgins et al. (2021) used the same graduated steps but stopped at fifteen minutes. The new study shows the same method can stretch to a full hour.

Tyner et al. (2016) used one simple distance ladder to cure dog fears. The mask study also used one ladder, not many, proving one clean line of steps is enough.

Dufour et al. (2020) used DRO plus edibles to get kids to wear heart monitors. The mask study used praise and tiny toys, showing you can skip edible reinforcers and still win.

04

Why it matters

You can copy the exact ladder: five seconds, fifteen seconds, one minute, five minutes, fifteen minutes, thirty minutes, one hour. Test in every place the family needs—bus, grocery store, therapy room. One month later the kids still kept masks on, so you can promise parents the skill will stick.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Start a five-second mask trial with praise, then double the time each day.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
multiple baseline across participants
Sample size
3
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
positive
Magnitude
large

03Original abstract

During the COVID-19 outbreak, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommended that everyone 2 years and older wear a face mask while in a community setting. However, children with autism may be reluctant to wear a mask, particularly for extended durations. In the current study, we implemented a graduated exposure procedure to teach mask wearing for a minimum of 1 hour in an early intensive behavioral (EIBI) intervention clinic to three children diagnosed with autism. We subsequently probed mask wearing, and if necessary implemented the graduated exposure procedure, in each participant's home and in a mock physician's office. Finally, we collected probe data on mask wearing in another community setting and 1 month post-treatment maintenance data in the EIBI clinic. During baseline, participants wore masks for 0 second to 5 minutes. After treatment, all participants wore the mask for at least 1 hour in each setting, with maintenance probes indicating 4 to 5 hour mask tolerance.

Behavior modification, 2022 · doi:10.1177/01454455211049546