Autism & Developmental

Emotion recognition from congruent and incongruent emotional expressions and situational cues in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Tell et al. (2015) · Autism : the international journal of research and practice 2015
★ The Verdict

Autistic kids trust faces over context—build lessons that train them to check the scene first.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running social-skills groups for school-age autistic clients.
✗ Skip if Clinicians focused only on non-verbal adults or basic mand training.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Dina and colleagues showed kids short stories. Each story ended with a face that matched or clashed with the scene.

Kids with autism and neurotypical kids judged the final emotion. The team watched who trusted the face and who trusted the story.

02

What they found

When face and story agreed, both groups were right.

When cues fought, autistic kids still followed the face. Typical kids followed the story.

03

How this fits with other research

Kuusikko et al. (2009) and Bal et al. (2010) already showed autistic youth score lower on basic emotion tests. The new study says the gap is not just accuracy—it is strategy.

Song et al. (2016) found autistic kids miss fear in the eyes. Dina’s work widens the lens: the children under-use any outside cue—eyes or story—when it fights the face.

Root et al. (2017) showed low-functioning kids fail on subtle angry faces. Dina adds a reason: they may never check the scene that gives anger its meaning.

04

Why it matters

Autistic learners often ace face-label drills yet bomb real-life social scenes. Teach them to stop, read the room, then read the face. Next session, pair photos with short stories, then ask: “Does the face match the story?” Reward looking back at the story before answering.

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Run five trials where the story and expression clash; prompt the learner to state the story emotion before labeling the face.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
quasi experimental
Population
autism spectrum disorder, neurotypical
Finding
mixed

03Original abstract

In this research, the emotion recognition abilities of children with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing children were compared. When facial expressions and situational cues of emotion were congruent, accuracy in recognizing emotions was good for both children with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing children. When presented with facial expressions incongruent with situational cues, children with autism spectrum disorder relied more on facial cues than situational cues, whereas typically developing children relied more on situational cues. The exception was fear. When presented with incongruent information (i.e. a smiling boy surrounded by a swarm of bees), most children based their response on the situation and indicated that the boy felt scared. While the majority of typically developing children commented on the disparity between facial expressions and situational cues, children with autism spectrum disorder did not mention the conflicting cues. Although typically developing children were more accurate in recognizing emotion with situational cues, children with autism spectrum disorder were still adequate at identifying emotion from situational cues alone. These findings suggest that children with autism spectrum disorder show an understanding of simple emotions in prototypical situations, but may prefer facial expressions when facial expressions and situational cues are incongruent. Reasons for these findings are discussed.

Autism : the international journal of research and practice, 2015 · doi:10.1177/1362361314535676