Autism & Developmental

Do Handwriting Difficulties Correlate with Core Symptomology, Motor Proficiency and Attentional Behaviours?

Grace et al. (2017) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2017
★ The Verdict

Handwriting captured on a tablet is a fast, objective barometer of autism severity, attention, and motor control in school-age kids.

✓ Read this if BCBAs doing diagnostic or progress assessments with elementary students with ASD.
✗ Skip if Practitioners working with non-verbal adults or clients whose primary struggle is language only.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Iarocci et al. (2017) asked the kids with ASD and 30 matched peers to copy a sentence. A digital tablet recorded every pen lift, speed change, and wobble.

The team also gave standard tests for autism severity, motor skills, and attention. They wanted to see if shaky handwriting lined up with worse scores on those tests.

02

What they found

Kids with ASD wrote with jerkier strokes, more size jumps, and slower, uneven speed. The worse the handwriting, the higher the child's autism symptom score.

Attention and motor test scores slid in the same direction. Handwriting metrics acted like a quick window into these broader struggles.

03

How this fits with other research

Greenlee et al. (2024) used automated video tracking during play and saw the same pattern: faster, choppier body movement linked to higher autism features. Both studies turn motion into numbers that mirror clinical severity.

Cholemkery et al. (2016) paired actigraphy with an attention test to spot AD/HD. Together they reached 86 % accuracy, showing that motion sensors plus attention checks can sharpen diagnosis. Nicci's handwriting task offers a cheap, quiet way to add similar data for ASD.

Rojahn et al. (2012) concluded that kids with specific language impairment do NOT show an autism-style cognitive profile. Nicci's motor findings support keeping the two conditions separate: only the ASD group showed the signature handwriting drag.

04

Why it matters

Next time you assess an 8- to young learners with ASD, hand them a tablet stylus and a short copying task. Two minutes of digitized writing gives you objective numbers that line up with symptom checklists and attention ratings. It's quick, stigma-free, and easy to repeat every six months to track progress or flag fatigue.

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Load a free handwriting app on your tablet, have the child copy "The quick brown fox jumps," and email yourself the velocity report to file with your session notes.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
quasi experimental
Sample size
43
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
negative
Magnitude
large

03Original abstract

Handwriting is commonly identified as an area of weakness in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but precise deficits have not been fully characterised. Boys with ASD (n = 23) and matched controls (n = 20) aged 8-12 years completed a simple, digitised task to objectively assess handwriting performance using advanced descriptive measures. Moderate to large associations were identified between handwriting performance and attention, ASD symptoms and motor proficiency. The ASD group demonstrated significantly less smooth movements and significantly greater sizing variability and peak velocity relative to controls. These findings provide a clearer indication of the specific nature of handwriting impairments in children with ASD, and suggest a relationship with core clinical symptom severity, attention and motor behaviours.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2017 · doi:10.1007/s10803-016-3019-7