Coincidence of Tourette's disorder and infantile autism.

Doctors wrote up one boy who had both autism and Tourette’s.

They checked his norepinephrine level to see if it differed from kids with only one disorder.

No pills caused the tics, so the team ruled out drug side-effects.

The boy truly had both conditions at the same time.

His chemical profile hinted that norepinephrine might mark the overlap.

Lim et al. (2016) later tested many kids and showed the double diagnosis is real, not a one-off.

Rutter et al. (1987) ran a bigger study on catecholamines in autism only; their mixed results warn us the marker is still fuzzy.

Steiner et al. (2004) and Matson et al. (2004) used the same single-case style to link autism with other medical issues, showing this method keeps spotting rare combos.

If a client has autism plus new tics, think beyond medication effects. Track tics, note family history, and consider a medical referral. One case may not give a clear biomarker, but it tells us to keep looking and to treat each condition separately.