Autism & Developmental

Brief report: improvements in the behavior of children with autism following massage therapy.

Escalona et al. (2001) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2001
★ The Verdict

Fifteen minutes of parent-delivered nightly massage lowered stereotypy, raised social play, and improved sleep in preschoolers with autism.

✓ Read this if BCBAs helping families of young children with autism who struggle with sleep or repetitive behavior.
✗ Skip if Teams serving only school-age or non-autistic populations.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Researchers asked parents to give their preschooler with autism a 15-minute massage every night for one month.

A second group of parents read bedtime stories instead.

The team then compared stereotypy, attention, social play, and sleep between the two groups.

02

What they found

Kids who got nightly massage showed less hand-flapping and rocking.

They stayed on task better and played more with others.

Parents also said their children fell asleep faster and slept longer.

03

How this fits with other research

Tse et al. (2022) later showed that a morning jog helps the same sleep and behavior areas, proving the effect is not limited to touch.

Delemere et al. (2017) replaced massage with bedtime fading and still gained sleep minutes, so parents have more than one tool.

Sadeh et al. (2023) switched to nightly melatonin and saw similar sleep gains, showing the result holds across pills and touch.

Simard et al. (2026) added an autism service dog and again parents reported better child sleep, even though wrist-watch data stayed flat — a reminder that parent report can differ from objective measures.

04

Why it matters

You can teach parents to add a short, no-cost massage right before bed. The routine cuts stereotypy, boosts social play, and improves sleep without extra equipment or medication. Try it as a first-step calming strategy while you collect data on stereotypy and sleep latency.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Coach one family to add a 15-minute gentle back rub before lights-out and graph stereotypy and sleep onset for two weeks.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
randomized controlled trial
Sample size
20
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Twenty children with autism, ages 3 to 6 years, were randomly assigned to massage therapy and reading attention control groups. Parents in the massage therapy group were trained by a massage therapist to massage their children for 15 minutes prior to bedtime every night for 1 month and the parents of the attention control group read Dr. Seuss stories to their children on the same time schedule. Conners Teacher and Parent scales, classroom and playground observations, and sleep diaries were used to assess the effects of therapy on various behaviors, including hyperactivity, stereotypical and off-task behavior, and sleep problems. Results suggested that the children in the massage group exhibited less stereotypic behavior and showed more on-task and social relatedness behavior during play observations at school, and they experienced fewer sleep problems at home.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2001 · doi:10.1023/a:1012273110194