Autism & Developmental

Bone Mineral Density in Boys Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case-Control Study.

Barnhill et al. (2017) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2017
★ The Verdict

Boys with autism as young as four already have thinner spine bones, so build weight-bearing play into therapy now.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running early-intervention or school programs for kids with ASD.
✗ Skip if Clinicians who only serve adults or non-ASD populations.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Doctors compared spine bone density in 30 boys with autism to 30 boys without it.

All boys were 4-8 years old and lived in the same city.

Parents filled out diet logs and GI symptom forms.

02

What they found

The autism group had thinner spine bones on X-ray.

Calcium pills, milk, and tummy trouble did not explain the gap.

Even well-fed kids with autism showed the deficit.

03

How this fits with other research

Perez et al. (2015) tracked fracture visits in a huge sample.

They saw more broken hips and spines in people with autism .

Kelly’s finding of low bone mass in little boys helps explain why those breaks happen.

Siddiqi et al. (2019) found poor fruit and veggie intake in Indian kids with autism.

Kelly ruled diet out in their own sample, so the bone problem runs deeper than the menu.

Reza et al. (2013) showed weight-bearing exercise plus calcium raised bone density in kids with Down syndrome.

That trial gives us a ready-made fix to test: jump, run, and play games that load the spine.

04

Why it matters

Low spine bone density starts early in autism and is not fixed by vitamins alone.

Add jumping, hopping, and playground climbing to daily sessions.

Track height and ask about back pain at every visit.

A five-minute bone-health checklist can save years of fracture risk.

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Open each session with 50 frog jumps or trampoline bounces before table work.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
case study
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
negative

03Original abstract

This study compared bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), nutritional status, biochemical markers, and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in 4-8 year old boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with a group of age-matched, healthy boys without ASD. Boys with ASD had significantly lower spine BMD compared to controls but this was not correlated with any biochemical markers, dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D, elimination diet status, or GI symptomology. Reduced BMD in 4-8 year old boys with ASD appears to involve factors other than nutrient intake and GI status, and requires further study.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2017 · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3277-z