Research Cluster

Autism and Common Mental Health Comorbidities

This cluster shows that many kids with autism also have anxiety, ADHD, depression, or OCD. It tells BCBAs to check for these extra problems so they can make better behavior plans. When we spot the other issues early, we can add the right help and the child feels better faster. Good data from parents, teachers, and the teens themselves gives the full picture.

86articles
1988–2026year range
5key findings
Key Findings

What 86 articles tell us

  1. Autistic females show significantly higher suicide risk than non-autistic females, and autistic girls in psychiatric crisis have higher rates of anxiety than autistic boys.
  2. Over half of toddlers and preschoolers with ASD show clinically elevated ADHD symptoms, and early screening allows for proactive family support.
  3. Children diagnosed with ASD after age six often already carry ADHD and language delay diagnoses and may have been on psychotropic medication — late identification compounds complexity.
  4. About one in five autistic clients has a co-occurring tic disorder, especially those with average or above-average IQ and heightened OCD symptoms.
  5. Children with both ASD and ADHD show significantly higher rates of mental health comorbidities and are more likely to receive psychotropic medication.
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Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions from BCBAs and RBTs

Very common. Most autistic individuals have at least one co-occurring condition, and many have several. Anxiety, ADHD, depression, OCD, and tic disorders are all highly prevalent. Treating autism without addressing comorbidities leads to less effective outcomes.

Yes. Using brief validated screening tools at intake and annual review is within scope and clinically necessary. Parent report alone misses significant problems, especially in clients who mask distress or have limited ability to express it verbally.

Research shows it is significantly elevated compared to non-autistic females and higher than autistic males in crisis settings. Autistic girls require explicit and routine screening for suicidal ideation, not just behavior problem assessment.

ADHD co-occurs with autism in a large portion of clients, especially toddlers and preschoolers. When both are present, rates of mental health comorbidities are even higher and psychotropic medication use is more common. Separate, explicit screening for ADHD is important.

OCD in autism can look similar to restricted and repetitive behaviors, making it easy to misclassify. If compulsions are causing distress or interfering with function, refer to a psychologist experienced in both ASD and OCD for evaluation. Behavioral treatment for OCD requires a different approach than standard behavior reduction procedures.