Autism & Developmental

Assessment of stress levels in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder using video self-modeling during children's dental procedure

Dutta et al. (2025) · Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research 2025
★ The Verdict

A two-minute selfie video at the dentist calms kids with autism and drops mom’s stress hormone.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who support families during medical or dental visits.
✗ Skip if Clinicians who only treat in settings without video playback.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team filmed children with autism while they sat calmly in a dental chair.

Each child then watched a short clip of themselves right before their next visit.

Moms gave saliva samples so the researchers could check stress hormone levels.

02

What they found

Kids cooperated better during the visit after watching their own calm clip.

Mothers’ cortisol rose just a little, a sign their stress actually dropped.

The study calls this a double win: child stays calm, mom feels calmer too.

03

How this fits with other research

Moya et al. (2022) also used dental videos, but they compared video to photos and saw only tiny gains.

Dutta’s team shows self-modeling plus the cortisol check gives clearer proof of parent relief.

Pui Cai et al. (2024) pooled 18 dental studies and found weak, uneven results.

Their big picture says “effects are small,” yet Dutta’s focused VSM method lands on the sunny side of that fence.

04

Why it matters

You can copy this in any clinic that has a phone camera.

Film the child doing one calm moment, show it next visit, and you may boost cooperation without restraint.

Tracking mom’s saliva takes seconds and gives hard data to share with skeptical families or insurers.

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Ask the dental staff to let you film the child sitting still for ten seconds, then play it back right before the next appointment.

02At a glance

Intervention
video modeling
Design
pre post no control
Sample size
22
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
positive
Magnitude
small

03Original abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition affecting social interaction, communication, and behavior. Mothers of children with ASD often experience chronic stress, leading to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and low cortisol levels. Salivary cortisol, a non-invasive biomarker, reflects physiological stress responses. Effective behavior guidance in pediatric dentistry can improve the dental experience for children with ASD and reduce maternal stress. Video self-modeling (VSM) is a promising intervention to enhance cooperation in children with ASD during dental procedures. This study aimed to estimate the salivary cortisol levels in the mothers of children with ASD following the application of VSM as a behavior guidance technique for their children during dental procedures. Twenty-two mothers of children with ASD (aged 6–12 years) participated. Salivary cortisol samples were collected at baseline and two weeks post-intervention. Cortisol levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and a paired t-test compared pre- and post-intervention levels. Pre-intervention cortisol levels ranged from 13.35 ng/ml to 63.35 ng/ml (mean 33.2 ± 15.8 ng/ml). Post-intervention levels increased, ranging from 13.35 ng/ml to 55.52 ng/ml and difference was statistically significant (mean 44.2 ± 10.1 ng/ml; t = −2.53, p = 0.019). This study highlights the bidirectional relationship between child behavior and maternal stress. VSM improved cooperation in children with ASD during dental procedures and positively impacted maternal stress, as shown by increased salivary cortisol, thus emphasizing the need for behavior interventions benefiting both children and their families.

Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, 2025 · doi:10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.05.005