Autism & Developmental

An alternative view of pronominal errors in autistic children.

Oshima-Takane et al. (1989) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 1989
★ The Verdict

Let autistic kids overhear correct “you” statements and their own “you” errors fall—no direct teaching needed.

✓ Read this if BCBAs working on pronouns with autistic clients in clinic or home settings.
✗ Skip if Clinicians focused only on non-verbal or tact-first programs.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team watched autistic children during play.

They counted how often each child said “you” wrong.

Then they let the child hear other people say “you” to each other.

After this listening time they counted the errors again.

02

What they found

Second-person pronoun errors dropped right away.

Kids did not need direct teaching or rewards.

Just overhearing others use “you” correctly was enough.

03

How this fits with other research

Nadel et al. (2011) later used video clips to do the same thing.

Two short videos let low-functioning preschoolers learn a whole chain of actions by watching.

Both studies show autistic kids can learn by looking or listening without hands-on training.

Lancioni et al. (2009) and Meier et al. (2012) took a different road.

They taught children to ask for items first, then the children suddenly named the items too.

Their method needed direct training; the 1989 paper did not.

The results do not clash—they simply prove two workable paths to clearer language.

04

Why it matters

You can cut pronoun mistakes today without extra drills.

Seat the child near siblings or peers who talk to each other.

Model “you” in side-talk: “You want the car?” to a peer while the child listens.

Check if errors drop after a few days of this simple set-up.

If they do, you just saved therapy minutes for other goals.

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During play, have staff chat using “you” to each other while the client listens; tally the client’s “you” errors before and after the session.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
single case other
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Persistent pronominal errors in autistic children have been attributed either to a psychosocial deficit or to a linguistic or cognitive deficit. However, recent studies of normal children suggest that the failure to observe pronouns in speech addressed to another person is a major reason children show pronominal errors. The present study investigated if pronominal errors in autistic children can be explained by this alternative hypothesis. Children's attentiveness to the pronoun models and their imitative behaviors were examined under two modeling conditions. The nonaddressee condition provided children with systematic opportunities to observe pronoun models directed to another person as well as those directed to themselves. The addressee condition provided only systematic opportunities to observe pronoun models directed to children. Clear evidence for the alternative hypothesis was obtained for second person pronouns, suggesting that pronominal errors in autistic children can be interpreted within the framework of normal language development.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 1989 · doi:10.1007/BF02212719