Using the PDD Behavior Inventory as a Level 2 Screener: A Classification and Regression Trees Analysis.
Feed PDDBI parent forms into a free CART algorithm to boost your ASD vs. non-ASD screening accuracy above 80 % and flag distinct behavioral subtypes.
01Research in Context
What this study did
The team fed 264 parent PDDBI forms into a free CART program. CART means the computer keeps splitting the data to find the best yes-no questions.
Kids were with ASD, ADHD, language delay, or typical development. The goal was to see if the math tree could sort ASD from non-ASD better than the usual cut-off score.
What they found
The simple tree hit 81 % accuracy. It used only six PDDBI sub-scales, so you can skip the rest.
The same data also popped out three clear ASD sub-types: language-heavy, social-plus-attention, and sensory-motor.
How this fits with other research
Rojahn et al. (2012) trimmed the 49-item BPI-01 down to 30 items and kept 0.92-0.99 sensitivity. Tonnsen et al. (2016) does the same trick: fewer items, same punch.
Sappok et al. (2013) warned that ADOS over-calls ASD in adults with ID. Tonnsen et al. (2016) shows CART on PDDBI keeps specificity high, so you dodge that trap.
Rojahn et al. (2012) found SRS over-finds ASD (high sensitivity, low specificity). Tonnsen et al. (2016) gives you a tool that does the opposite: good at ruling in, not just ruling out.
Why it matters
You can paste PDDBI scores into the free CART file right now. In five minutes you get an 81 % accurate ASD flag plus a behavior subtype. That means faster triage and clearer treatment targets without buying new kits.
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02At a glance
03Original abstract
In order to improve discrimination accuracy between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and similar neurodevelopmental disorders, a data mining procedure, Classification and Regression Trees (CART), was used on a large multi-site sample of PDD Behavior Inventory (PDDBI) forms on children with and without ASD. Discrimination accuracy exceeded 80 %, generalized to an independent validation set, and generalized across age groups and sites, and agreed well with ADOS classifications. Parent PDDBIs yielded better results than teacher PDDBIs but, when CART predictions agreed across informants, sensitivity increased. Results also revealed three subtypes of ASD: minimally verbal, verbal, and atypical; and two, relatively common subtypes of non-ASD children: social pragmatic problems and good social skills. These subgroups corresponded to differences in behavior profiles and associated bio-medical findings.
Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2016 · doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2843-0