Assessment & Research

Two autistic savant readers.

O'Connor et al. (1994) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 1994
★ The Verdict

Lightning-fast autistic readers may run on a turbo letter-to-sound channel, not on meaning, so teach them with solid phonics first.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who assess or teach early reading to autistic children.
✗ Skip if Clinicians working only with older non-readers or adults.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The authors watched two autistic children who could read very fast.

They timed the kids while they read normal words and while they read words in mixed-up order.

They also timed two typical children of the same age for comparison.

02

What they found

Both autistic children read faster than the typical kids.

When the words were scrambled, only the typical readers slowed down.

The younger autistic child also slowed a little, but the older one kept his speed.

The team says the fast reading comes from a super-quick letter-to-sound route, not from meaning.

03

How this fits with other research

Pigott (1987) first said autistic hyperlexia happens because kids use stored word facts when their step-by-step memory is weak.

Craddock et al. (1994) now show the speed can stay even when word order is junk, so the letter-to-sound engine alone can drive the gift.

Koegel et al. (2014) looked inside the brain and found autistic adults lean on sound rules more and on meaning less, backing the new modular idea.

Schneider et al. (2006) tried colored plastic sheets and also saw faster reading, but that boost is visual, not phonological—so both tricks can help different kids.

04

Why it matters

If you see a child with autism reading way above grade level, test them with scrambled words.

If they stay fast, teach them through strong phonics and do not waste time drilling comprehension first.

Pair the new phonics lesson with visual supports like colored overlays for even more gain.

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Give your hyperlexic learner a page of mixed-order words; if speed stays high, shift drill time to advanced phonics and save comprehension work for later.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
case series
Sample size
2
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

Two young autistic children of normal intelligence were tested repeatedly for their reading ability. Their comprehension was appropriate for their developmental status, however, they had reading speeds that were considerably faster than those of their age-matched normal controls. Randomizing word order, and thereby reducing meaningfulness, resulted in an equivalent reduction in relative reading speeds for the younger autistic subject and his control. For the older of the normal children, the effect of randomizing word order was very marked, whereas its effect was minimal for the older of the two autistic boys. The results are regarded as an indication that efficient grapheme-phoneme conversion is a modular component of the reading skill and this transcoding process is primarily responsible for the fast reading of the autistic children.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 1994 · doi:10.1007/BF02172131