Assessment & Research

Treatment of GAD. Targeting intolerance of uncertainty in two types of worry.

Dugas et al. (2000) · Behavior modification 2000
★ The Verdict

Teaching adults to match the type of worry to the right coping move can erase a GAD diagnosis in weeks.

✓ Read this if BCBAs treating anxious adults or autistic clients where IU is high
✗ Skip if Clinicians working only with very young children or medical-only settings

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Four adults with GAD got a short CBT course. The twist: they learned to sort each worry into 'solvable' or 'unsolvable' and picked a matching fix.

Solvable worries got problem-solving steps. Unsolvable worries got acceptance and coping. Therapists tracked worry time across sessions.

02

What they found

After treatment, three of the four adults no longer met the rules for GAD. The gains stayed at six and twelve months.

Worry minutes dropped for everyone. The fourth person still had GAD but also improved.

03

How this fits with other research

Wilmut et al. (2013) ran a similar worry-reduction plan but used a daily 30-minute 'worry window.' Both studies cut anxiety, showing two roads to the same end.

Hwang et al. (2020) and Sutton et al. (2022) stretched the idea to autistic teens and adults. They found intolerance of uncertainty still fuels anxiety, so the same target works across diagnoses.

Uljarević et al. (2018) and MacLennan et al. (2021) saw the same link in Williams syndrome and preschoolers. The IU-anxiety chain appears in many groups, not just GAD.

04

Why it matters

You can shrink adult GAD without long therapy. Ask clients to label each worry as 'solvable' or 'unsolvable,' then pair it with the right skill. The tactic also helps autistic clients and other groups where IU drives anxiety, so add it to your transdiagnostic toolbox.

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Start sessions by having clients sort their top worry into 'solvable' or 'unsolvable' and pick the matching skill.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
multiple baseline across participants
Sample size
4
Population
anxiety disorder
Finding
positive
Magnitude
medium

03Original abstract

This study evaluates the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) that addresses two types of worries: (a) those about situations that are amenable to problem solving, and (b) those about situations that are not. The treatment's goal is to help patients become more tolerant of uncertainty by discriminating between both types of worry and applying the correct strategy to each type. A multiple baseline design was used and subjects were 4 adults with a primary diagnosis of GAD. Treatment outcome was assessed with daily self-monitoring, self-report questionnaires, and standardized clinician ratings. At posttest and 6-month follow-up, 3 of 4 subjects no longer met diagnostic criteria for GAD and had attained high end-state functioning. At 12-month follow-up, none of the subjects met GAD diagnostic criteria but end-state functioning was variable. The results also show that treatment outcome was highly related to change in intolerance of uncertainty.

Behavior modification, 2000 · doi:10.1177/0145445500245002