Assessment & Research

The relation between social anxiety and biased interpretations in adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities.

Houtkamp et al. (2017) · Research in developmental disabilities 2017
★ The Verdict

Socially anxious students with mild ID read neutral peer actions as hostile—so probe and retrain these thoughts before teaching new skills.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running social skills or CBT groups for teens with mild ID in middle or high schools.
✗ Skip if Clinicians serving only adults or clients without intellectual disability.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Researchers asked 48 teens with mild intellectual disability to read short stories.

Each story had an unclear social moment, like someone not waving back.

Kids rated if the moment was good, bad, or neutral.

They also filled out a social anxiety checklist.

02

What they found

Teens with higher social anxiety saw more threats in the social stories.

Non-social stories did not show this bias.

Anxiety level did not change neutral ratings, only negative ones.

03

How this fits with other research

Laposa et al. (2017) tested peer networks for high schoolers with severe disabilities.

They showed that trained peers can boost real friendships.

Together, the two studies form a path: first spot negative bias, then use peer networks to fix it.

Meier et al. (2012) reviewed how social phobia and autism look alike.

They warned that poor eye contact can come from either condition.

Our target paper sharpens that warning: teens with mild ID plus social anxiety may look more autistic because they expect rejection.

04

Why it matters

Check for negative interpretations during your intake.

Add simple bias-spotting tasks to your social skills or CBT plans.

Then run peer network sessions so students test safer views in real talk.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Add one ambiguous-vignette probe to your next session: ask the teen why a peer did not say hi, note any hostile guess, and model a neutral one.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
survey
Sample size
631
Population
intellectual disability
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

BACKGROUND: Cognitive theories of anxiety emphasize the importance of cognitive processes in the onset and maintenance of anxiety disorders. However, little is known about these processes in children and adolescents with Mild Intellectual Disabilities (MID). AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate interpretation bias and its content-specificity in adolescents with MID who varied in their levels of social anxiety. METHOD AND PROCEDURES: In total, 631 adolescents from seven special secondary schools for MID filled in questionnaires to measure their levels of social anxiety. They also completed the Interpretation Recognition Task to measure how they interpret ambiguous situations. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Adolescents with higher self-reported levels of social anxiety interpreted ambiguous scenarios as more negative than adolescents with lower self-reported social anxiety. Furthermore, this negative interpretation was specific for social situations; social anxiety was only associated with ambiguous social anxiety-related scenarios, but not with other anxiety-related scenarios. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These findings support the hypothesis that socially anxious adolescents with MID display an interpretation bias that is specific for stimuli that are relevant for their own anxiety. This insight is useful for improving treatments for anxious adolescents with MID by targeting content-specific interpretation biases.

Research in developmental disabilities, 2017 · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2017.06.003