The effects of physical activity or sport-based interventions on psychological factors in adults with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review.
Exercise lifts confidence in adults with ID, but teens may need extra care to avoid drops in self-esteem.
01Research in Context
What this study did
Bondár et al. (2020) looked at five studies where adults with intellectual disabilities tried sport or exercise programs.
They wanted to know if moving more would lift mood, confidence, or quality of life.
What they found
Four of the five trials showed higher exercise self-efficacy after the program.
Proof for better quality of life was thin and scattered.
How this fits with other research
Ogg-Groenendaal et al. (2014) saw a 30% drop in challenging behavior after exercise, so movement helps in more than one way.
DeLeon et al. (2005) and Ninot et al. (2007) warn that integrated sport can lower athletic self-concept in teens with ID. The positive mood boost in adults may not apply to younger groups.
Together, the papers show age matters: adults gain confidence, teens may need extra support to feel good.
Why it matters
You can raise exercise confidence in adults with ID by adding caregiver support and clear personal goals. Start small, track wins, and praise effort. Watch for dips in self-concept in younger clients and pair them with peer buddies or choice in activity.
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02At a glance
03Original abstract
BACKGROUND: Inactivity is a major factor contributing to adverse health in people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). While it is generally agreed that physical activity (PA)/sport-based interventions promote cognitive and social development in the general population, little is known about their specific benefits in adults with ID. The aims of this systematic review were (a) to examine the effects of PA/sport-based interventions on intention, motivation and attitude regarding PA/sport participation in adults with ID and (b) to investigate the influence of these psychological factors on behavioural change (e.g. PA level) and quality of life. METHODS: A systematic review has been conducted searching four electronic databases (i.e. SCOPUS, Web of Science, PubMed and Cochrane Library). Studies were included if written in English, peer reviewed, had primary research data, and measured intention, motivation, attitude, behavioural outcomes or quality of life. RESULTS: Thirteen articles met our inclusion criteria of which 10 explored the effects of PA/sport as part of a multi-component intervention. Most investigated outcomes were exercise self-efficacy and quality of life. Five studies measured exercise self-efficacy, and four of them found significant changes. One study found a significant improvement in quality of life and another study in life satisfaction. We observed lack of sport-based interventions, few data about people with severe ID and limited psychological measures. CONCLUSIONS: Personal and environmental factors are key components of behavioural change. Support of caregivers and individualised instructions may benefit exercise self-efficacy. There is lack of information about the effects of psychological factors on behavioural change and quality of life in adults with ID.
Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR, 2020 · doi:10.1111/jir.12699