Assessment & Research

The co-occurrence of motor and language impairments in children evaluated for autism spectrum disorder. An explorative study from Norway.

Reindal et al. (2022) · Research in developmental disabilities 2022
★ The Verdict

Expect and screen for co-occurring motor and language deficits in every school-age ASD evaluation—they’re present in a large share of cases.

✓ Read this if BCBAs completing or reviewing ASD assessments in clinic or school settings.
✗ Skip if Practitioners working solely with adults or with children who already carry detailed motor and language profiles.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Doctors in Norway watched 61 school-age kids who were sent for an autism check-up. They gave each child a quick motor test and a short language test on the same day.

The team wrote down if the child moved clumsily, struggled to speak, or both. They wanted to know how often these two problems show up together.

02

What they found

Eighty-five out of every the kids had a clear motor or language deficit. Kids who scored low on moving also scored low on talking; the link was strong.

Only 15 percent had no motor or language red flags. The take-home: most children you test for ASD already share these extra hurdles.

03

How this fits with other research

Caçola et al. (2017) warned us not to blame all clumsiness on autism; they say ASD and Developmental Coordination Disorder are separate. Lise’s numbers agree—motor issues are common—yet they remind you to still screen for DCD instead of lumping it under ASD.

Brignell et al. (2024) tracked language growth and found starting language level, not the ASD label, predicts later progress. Lise’s snapshot shows why that starting point matters: many kids arrive with both low language and low motor scores, so plan goals for both areas.

Laugeson et al. (2014) saw preschoolers with ASD plus language impairment start more socially behind than ASD-alone. Lise extends that picture to school age, adding motor deficits as another common partner.

04

Why it matters

If you screen only for autism, you will miss the motor or language problems driving most of the child’s trouble at school and in play. Add a five-minute motor checklist and a quick language sample to every ASD evaluation. Write goals that practice balance, fine-motor, and communication together; treating both domains at once gives the child a faster boost and keeps parents from chasing separate lists.

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Tape a quick balance beam walk and ask the child to tell a story; note any stumbles or word-finding gaps and fold targets into the next session.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
case series
Sample size
20
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
positive
Magnitude
large

03Original abstract

BACKGROUND: Current research suggest that motor and language impairments are common and closely related in infants with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In older children, less is known about how these impairments are related to each other. AIMS: The current study explored the co-occurrence and potential impact of motor and language impairments in a sample of school-aged children evaluated for ASD by Norwegian specialist health services. METHODS: Besides clinical evaluation for ASD, all participants (N = 20, mean age 10.7 (SD = 3.4) years) underwent a standardized test of motor performance (MABC-2), parent report measures of current motor (DCDQ'07), language (CCC-2), and social (SRS) skills, and a caregiver interview on everyday functioning, providing an overall impairment score (DD-CGAS). RESULTS: The majority (85%) had motor and/or structural language deficits in addition to their social impairment. All children identified with motor impairment on both measures (39%) also had structural language deficits. Better motor performance was strongly correlated with better structural language skills (r = .618, p = .006). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that co-occurring motor and structural language deficits should be anticipated and assessed when evaluating children for ASD. These deficits may need specific interventions that complement those targeting social skills deficits and other ASD core symptoms.

Research in developmental disabilities, 2022 · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104256