Assessment & Research

Test-retest reliabilities of hand-held dynamometer for lower-limb muscle strength in intellectual disabilities.

Wuang et al. (2013) · Research in developmental disabilities 2013
★ The Verdict

A hand-held dynamometer gives steady, trustworthy strength scores for teens with intellectual disability.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running motor or fitness programs for teens with ID in school or clinic settings.
✗ Skip if Practitioners who only work on verbal or social skills with older adults.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Wuang et al. (2013) tested a hand-held dynamometer on teens with intellectual disability. They squeezed the device twice, one week apart, to see if scores stayed the same.

The team checked eight lower-limb muscle groups, like hip flexors and knee extenders. They wanted to know if the tool gives steady numbers in this population.

02

What they found

The dynamometer earned good test-retest marks for most muscles. Reliability ranged from 0.81 to 0.96, which means scores were steady across visits.

Only ankle plantar-flexors landed just below the good zone. The authors say you can trust the gadget to track leg strength in teens with ID.

03

How this fits with other research

Wilson et al. (2023) and Maïano et al. (2011) also gave thumbs-up to new scales for teens with ID. They checked wellbeing and mood tools, while Yee-Pay checked muscle strength. All three papers show the same theme: adapt the tool, then it works.

Wang et al. (2012) linked weaker muscles to lower daily function in kids with CP. Yee-Pay now gives us a reliable way to measure that strength in teens with ID, so we can run similar studies.

Griffith et al. (2012) warned that older adults with ID have very low fitness. Yee-Pay’s tool lets us spot strength drops early, before those later problems show up.

04

Why it matters

You now have a quick, cheap way to track leg strength in teens with ID. Use the dynamometer every few months to see if fitness programs are working. Pair it with agility tests to spot kids who need extra motor support.

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Add a five-minute dynamometer check to your next teen session and chart hip and knee scores to set baseline strength goals.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
other
Sample size
61
Population
intellectual disability
Finding
positive
Magnitude
large

03Original abstract

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the test-retest reliabilities of hand-held dynamometer (HDD) for measuring lower-limb muscle strength in intellectual disabilities (ID). The other purposes were to: (1) compare the lower-limb muscle strength between children with and without ID; (2) probe the relationship between the muscle forces and agility performance in ID; and (3) explore the factors associated with muscle strength in ID. Sixty-one participants (30 boys and 31 girls; mean age=14.1 ± 3.3 year) were assessed by the HDD using a "make" test. The comparative group consisted of 63 typically developing children (33 boys and 30 girls; mean age=14.9 ± 2.1 year). The ID group demonstrated lower muscle groups than in typically developing group. Except for the ankle plantarflexors (ICC=0.69, SEM=0.72), test-retest analysis showed good intrarater reliability with ICC ranging from 0.81 to 0.96, and intrarater SEM values ranged from 0.40 to 0.57. The HDD has the potential to be a reliable tool for strength measurement in ID. Muscle strength was positively related to agility performance. Regression analysis indicated that height, weight, BMI, and activity level were significant predictors of muscle strength in ID.

Research in developmental disabilities, 2013 · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2013.04.010