Assessment & Research

Temporary increases in problem behavior and sleep disruption following decreases in medication: a descriptive analysis of conditional rates.

Rapp et al. (2007) · Behavior modification 2007
★ The Verdict

Expect a short-term jump in problem behavior and lost sleep after cutting psych meds—plan calm support for the first week.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who help teams taper medication in kids or adults with developmental disabilities.
✗ Skip if Clinicians who only run skill-building sessions with no med changes.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team watched clients after doctors cut their psych meds. They tracked problem behavior and sleep minute-by-minute.

All clients had developmental disabilities. The study ran as a simple case series with no extra treatment.

02

What they found

Behavior spikes and sleepless nights showed up right after the dose dropped.

Both problems eased back to baseline within about seven days.

03

How this fits with other research

Laureano et al. (2023) saw a similar short bump in problem behavior. Their data came from the first five sessions of new treatments, not from med changes. The pattern is the same: brief storm, then calm.

Baker et al. (2025) mapped sleep trouble in rare genetic disorders. They found many triggers like anxiety and sensory issues. Koskentausta et al. (2007) add one more trigger to that list: sudden med reduction.

McCavert et al. (2026) and Greene et al. (2019) show high base rates of sleep problems in cerebral palsy and Down syndrome. The med-withdrawal spike in T et al. sits on top of an already shaky foundation.

04

Why it matters

You can now warn families that the first week after a dose drop may be rough. Schedule extra check-ins, keep the same bedtime routine, and ride out the wave instead of adding new drugs.

Free CEUs

Want CEUs on This Topic?

The ABA Clubhouse has 60+ free CEUs — live every Wednesday. Ethics, supervision & clinical topics.

Join Free →
→ Action — try this Monday

Add a nightly sleep log and a five-minute parent check-in for seven days after any dose reduction.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
case series
Sample size
12
Population
mixed clinical
Finding
negative

03Original abstract

Conditional rates of problem behavior for weeks that followed medication decreases and no medication changes were compared for 12 individuals who exhibited severe problem behavior (e.g., self-injury, aggression). The results indicate that conditional rates of problem behavior were higher following medication decreases than following no changes in medication. During the subsequent week, rates of problem behavior typically decreased without reinstating the prior dosage of medication. Additional analyses suggest that the first medication decrease typically produced the highest increase in problem behavior. Decreases in medication also disrupted sleep patterns for several individuals. Possible operant conceptualizations of behavior changes produced by medication decreases are discussed.

Behavior modification, 2007 · doi:10.1177/0145445507301653