Assessment & Research

Suicidality in Autistic Adolescents and Adults: Sleep the Unexplored Connection?

Richdale et al. (2025) · Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research 2025
★ The Verdict

Poor sleep may fuel suicidality in autistic teens and adults, and we already have child-tested tools ready for a suicide-prevention trial.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who see autistic clients age 12 and up in clinics, schools, or day programs.
✗ Skip if Practitioners working only with non-autistic populations or children under ten.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The authors wrote a short theory paper. They asked: could chronic insomnia push autistic teens and adults toward suicidal thoughts?

They reviewed past work and built a case. They did not run new experiments or collect new data.

02

What they found

They argue that poor sleep is a hidden driver of suicidality in autism. They say we have no tested sleep treatments for this age group.

In short, we are missing a fixable risk factor.

03

How this fits with other research

Bianca et al. (2024) show one in three autistic children already have insomnia. Fradet et al. (2025) extend that worry upward, saying the same sleep problems may haunt teens and adults.

Bergmann et al. (2019) and Hong et al. (2021) prove behavioral sleep help works for kids. Fradet et al. (2025) now ask us to try the same idea with older groups to lower suicide risk.

Segers et al. (2014) found suicidality rates up to 50% across studies. The new paper does not fight that number; it adds insomnia as a fresh lever we can actually treat.

04

Why it matters

You already screen for depression and self-harm. Add two sleep questions to every adolescent and adult intake. If insomnia shows up, track it like a vital sign and push for a sleep referral. A simple bedtime plan today could cut suicide risk tomorrow.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Add two questions to your intake: 'How long to fall asleep?' and 'Wake up at night?' Flag answers over 30 minutes or twice nightly and refer for sleep help.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
theoretical
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

Despite substantial evidence linking insomnia with increased suicidality in non-autistic populations, its role in autism remains under-explored. Poor sleep, most commonly insomnia symptoms (hereafter insomnia), is a significant issue in autism, affecting up to 80% of autistic children and adults, compared with 30%-50% of children and about 45% of adults in the general population. Sleep, along with quality of life, anxiety, depression, and social well-being, is a top mental health research priority for autistic adults. These factors are all significantly associated with insomnia in both autistic and non-autistic individuals. Current findings highlight the association between depression, psychosocial factors, and suicidality in autistic individuals. Key factors in suicidality for autistic people include increased autistic traits, loneliness, lack of social support, and experiences such as camouflaging and burnout. What is under-explored is the role of sleep in suicidality and mental health in autism. Effective psychological interventions for insomnia in autistic individuals are lacking, and there is limited understanding of whether treating insomnia can reduce suicidality. Only two pilot studies have investigated insomnia treatments for autistic adults. In this commentary, we argue that, given the high rate of suicidality in autism and the potential role of insomnia, it is crucial to investigate whether insomnia contributes to suicidality in autistic people and if addressing sleep through prevention strategies, supports, and interventions improves outcomes. Collaboration with the autistic community is essential for addressing this knowledge gap and developing effective interventions.

Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research, 2025 · doi:10.1002/aur.3306