State-related electroencephalographic deviances in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The team wired up 8- to young learners with ADHD and same-age peers.

They recorded resting EEG while the kids sat still and again when the room lights brightened.

The goal: see if brain-wave patterns change with state and with added ODD or CD.

Kids with ADHD had flatter alpha and theta drops when eyes opened.

Those who also had ODD or CD showed the weakest change.

In short, the brain's "wake-up" signal was muted and comorbidity made it worse.

Chueh et al. (2021) extends the idea: a 50-minute run shifted frontal alpha asymmetry, showing state still matters but exercise can push it.

Poon et al. (2014) widens the lens to delinquent teens with ADHD plus reading problems; they found a unique interference-control gap, echoing the comorbidity theme.

Zhou et al. (2022) used a fast-slow button task instead of resting EEG and saw ADHD kids stay flat across speeds while typical kids flexed—another sign that state changes less in ADHD brains.

Together the papers say: check context, check extras, and pick the right window for testing or training.

Your EEG snapshot can mislead if the child just sat still or has ODD riding shotgun.

Schedule neuro checks after movement or use brief exercise to normalize signals.

Pair motor drills with inhibitory tasks—Chueh et al. (2025) showed better movers had stronger P3 waves and faster Stroop times, so warm-up may sharpen the data you trust.