Assessment & Research

Is severity of motor coordination difficulties related to co-morbidity in children at risk for developmental coordination disorder?

Schoemaker et al. (2013) · Research in developmental disabilities 2013
★ The Verdict

Motor severity predicts a clear ladder of extra academic, attention, and daily-living problems.

✓ Read this if BCBAs working with late-elementary kids who show clumsy or slow motor skills.
✗ Skip if BCBAs focused only on vocal-verbal behavior with no motor component.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Researchers tested the children who scored below the 15th centile on a motor test.

They split the kids into severe, moderate, and no-motor-problem groups.

Then they checked each child for problems in handwriting, reading, attention, daily living, and social skills.

02

What they found

The worse the motor score, the more extra problems showed up.

Severe group had higher odds in five of seven areas.

Moderate group still beat controls in most domains, just less so.

03

How this fits with other research

Kopp et al. (2010) saw the same daily-living drag in girls with ASD or ADHD, so the pattern is not just for boys.

Dionne et al. (2024) zoomed in on math and found DCD kids 0.59 SD behind — matching the academic part of the gradient.

Omer et al. (2021) added anxiety and depression to the list, showing executive-function trouble partly explains the link.

Engel-Yeger (2020) followed adults and4 and found the quality-of-life hit lasts for decades.

04

Why it matters

If a child scores below the 15th centile on any motor screen, do not stop there. Check handwriting, reading, attention, daily living, and social skills right away. Early catch means early help across the board.

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Add a quick handwriting sample and a teacher attention checklist to every motor screen below the 15th centile.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
quasi experimental
Sample size
6959
Population
developmental delay
Finding
positive
Magnitude
medium

03Original abstract

Aim of the study was to investigate whether 7-9 year old children with severe motor difficulties are more at risk of additional difficulties in activities in daily living, academic skills, attention and social skills than children with moderate motor difficulties. Children (N=6959) from a population based cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), were divided into three groups based on their scores on the ALSPAC Coordination Test at age 7: control children (scores above 15th centile; N=5719 [82.1%]); children with moderate (between 5th and 15th centile; N=951 [13.7%]); and children with severe motor difficulties (below 5th centile N=289 [4.2%]). Children with neurological disorders or an IQ<70 were excluded. Logistic regression was used to compare children with moderate and severe motor coordination difficulties with each other and with control children regarding their risk of co-morbidity defined as significant (<10th centile) difficulties with activities of daily living (ADL); academic skills (reading, spelling and handwriting); attention; social skills (social cognition and nonverbal skills). Children with severe motor difficulties demonstrated a higher risk of difficulties in ADL, handwriting, attention, reading, and social cognition than children with moderate motor difficulties, who in turn had a higher risk of difficulties than control children in five out of seven domains. Screening and intervention of co-morbid problems is recommended for children with both moderate and severe motor difficulties.

Research in developmental disabilities, 2013 · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2013.06.028