Assessment & Research

Incorporating personality trait measures in behavioral assessment. Nuts in a fruitcake or raisins in a mai tai?

Haynes et al. (1993) · Behavior modification 1993
★ The Verdict

Ditch broad personality tests and collect direct, situation-specific data instead.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who still add MMPI, Big-Five, or similar trait scales to their behavior plans.
✗ Skip if Clinicians already using only functional or contextual assessments.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The authors wrote a think piece, not an experiment. They asked, "Do we need personality tests in ABA?"

They argued that broad trait labels like "neurotic" or "introverted" are fuzzy and slow us down.

02

What they found

The paper says skip the questionnaires. Watch what the person does in the exact spot where the problem happens.

Traits, they claim, add little value and can mislead treatment choices.

03

How this fits with other research

Bouck et al. (2016) directly contradicts the target. In adults with autism, Five-Factor traits explained 70 % of symptom spread. The two papers clash because they look at different levels. Singh et al. (1993) attacks broad, cross-situation labels. Bouck et al. (2016) shows traits can still map meaningful patterns inside one diagnosis group.

Later work backs the target’s call for tight, situational data. Morris et al. (2023) trimmed sociability coding to simple approach-avoid counts and kept strong validity. Gutierrez et al. (1998) showed the Motivation Assessment Scale has weak reliability, echoing the warning against sloppy checklists.

Matson et al. (1999) and Fox et al. (2001) extend the theme by proving that brief, function-based tools like the QABF predict treatment success better than global ratings.

04

Why it matters

You can safely drop long personality packets from your intake. Replace them with quick, context-bound measures like brief QABF interviews or conditional approach tallies. You save time, keep precision, and avoid trait labels that don’t guide intervention.

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Swap any global personality form for a 5-minute QABF interview next time you assess problem behavior.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
theoretical
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

Articles by Collins and Thompson, Staats, and Williams and Thompson have taken different tracks, but all advocate the integration of "personality" measures with behavioral assessment. This article addresses several issues that have hindered such integration. First, many traits are poorly defined, inconsistently applied, and excessively molar. The concept of trait communicates a useful idea--that there are meaningful consistencies in behavior across situations. However, the concepts of personality and personality traits are superfluous. They are inbued with semantic imprecision, redundancy, and unwanted psychodynamic and causal connotations. Also, trait measures are insensitive to the dynamic aspects of behavior. Finally, personality assessment questionnaires are frequently used in behavioral assessment but most often for client or subject selection and molar therapy outcome evaluation. The goal of research in this area should be to determine the persons. situations, purposes, particular traits, and measurement methods affecting the utility of trait measures in behavioral assessment.

Behavior modification, 1993 · doi:10.1177/01454455930171006