Assessment & Research

Going beyond with Bayesian updating.

O'flaherty (1992) · Journal of applied behavior analysis 1992
★ The Verdict

Bayesian math turns extinction sessions into a clear probability that the behavior is really gone.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who run extinction procedures and want data-based stop rules.
✗ Skip if Clinicians looking for ready-made client protocols—this is theory and math.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The paper is a think-piece, not an experiment. It asks: what if we treat each extinction session like a new clue?

The author shows how Bayes’ rule can update the odds that a behavior is truly dying out. You start with a guess, then let the data talk.

02

What they found

No new data were collected. Instead, the paper gives the math recipe. Plug in response counts and the formula spits out the chance the behavior will stay gone.

The curve you draw is no longer eye-balled; it is a living probability line that moves with every zero response.

03

How this fits with other research

Gilroy et al. (2017) made the idea real. They wrote free software that uses the same Bayesian engine to pick the best delay-discounting model and give a solid ED50.

DeLeon et al. (2005) share the spirit. They show that fixing the observation window for every kid can fool you; tailor the window and your prediction sharpens—just like Bayesian updating tailors the extinction curve to the data you actually see.

Carey et al. (2014) sound a warning that links back here. They prove that sampling only the first few trials warps mastery curves; Guerin (1992) says the fix is to keep every data point and let Bayes weigh them instead of your eyes.

04

Why it matters

You no longer have to guess when extinction is ‘stable.’ Next time you run an extinction probe, drop the session totals into a simple Bayes spreadsheet. Watch the probability of ‘true zero’ rise or fall in real time. You will know, with numbers, whether to hold the line or change the plan.

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Build a one-page Excel sheet that updates the chance of extinction after each session—start with a 50 % prior and let the zeros move the number.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
theoretical
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

It all started innocently enough. One spring‐like winter day, I happened to ask Brendan whether economists ever dealt with escalation. “With what?” he replied. “A phenomenon where people keep investing in the face of continuing losses,” I answered. Then I described how industrial/organizational psychologists had become intrigued with situations in which investors seemed to throw good money after bad, how their explanations for the phenomenon centered on individual characteristics such as commitment, how Sonia Goltz (1992) used a standard bread‐and‐butter operant procedure—fixed and variable schedules of reinforcement—to explain their persistence, and how Goltz's experiments had shown that during the extinction phase investors even increased their investments for a while when the news was all bad. Without a moment's hesitation, he exclaimed, “I bet I can predict the turning point.” Another arrogant‐economist remark, I thought to myself. “How?” “Bayesian updating.” Then we talked at length about Bayesian analysis techniques and how they could be used to predict the shape of extinction curves. I realized that these techniques might be just what psychologists needed as an enticement to study sequences of behavior over time. And that's how this commentary got started.

Journal of applied behavior analysis, 1992 · doi:10.1901/jaba.1992.25-585