Assessment & Research

Evaluating commercially available wireless cardiovascular monitors for measuring and transmitting real-time physiological responses in children with autism.

Nuske et al. (2022) · Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research 2022
★ The Verdict

Consumer heart-rate bands give accurate, comfy stress tracking for kids with autism, so you can monitor triggers anywhere.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who want easy, mobile physiology data to guide antecedent interventions.
✗ Skip if Practitioners whose clients already tolerate medical ECG or who focus on skin-conductance only.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Researchers tested two off-the-shelf heart-rate bands, Polar and Mio Fuse, on children with autism.

They watched for comfort, fit, and whether the bands sent clean, usable signals during short lab tasks.

Neurotypical peers wore the same bands so the team could compare data quality.

02

What they found

Both bands felt okay to the kids and stayed in place without fuss.

The heart-rate numbers were strong and valid for almost every child with autism.

That means you can trust the data if you want to track stress outside the clinic.

03

How this fits with other research

Gonzaga et al. (2021) also captured heart-rate data from kids with autism in a lab, but they used bulky medical ECG leads. Sasson et al. (2022) show you can swap those wires for a comfy retail band and still get solid numbers.

Stevens et al. (2018) found that moms of kids with severe autism traits show big heart-rate swings the moms don’t report. Pairing those findings with Sasson et al. (2022) means you can now put a Polar band on the child and the parent to catch hidden stress on both sides.

South et al. (2017) saw dampened skin-conductance responses to social threat in autism and warned that body movement can drown out signals. Sasson et al. (2022) tackled the same movement issue for heart-rate and proved the retail bands still deliver clean data, so the two studies together give you confidence to monitor physiology during real-world activity.

04

Why it matters

You no longer need expensive clinic gear to see a child’s stress spikes. A forty-dollar wristband can travel to school, home, or the park and feed you real-time heart-rate. Use it to spot antecedents like noisy hallways or social demands, then adjust the environment or teach coping right when the curve climbs.

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Slip a Polar H10 on a client during tabletop work, watch live heart-rate on the app, and note which tasks make the number jump.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
quasi experimental
Sample size
55
Population
autism spectrum disorder, neurotypical
Finding
positive
Magnitude
medium

03Original abstract

Commercially available wearable biosensors have the potential to enhance psychophysiology research and digital health technologies for autism by enabling stress or arousal monitoring in naturalistic settings. However, such monitors may not be comfortable for children with autism due to sensory sensitivities. To determine the feasibility of wearable technology in children with autism age 8-12 years, we first selected six consumer-grade wireless cardiovascular monitors and tested them during rest and movement conditions in 23 typically developing adults. Subsequently, the best performing monitors (based on data quality robustness statistics), Polar and Mio Fuse, were evaluated in 32 children with autism and 23 typically developing children during a 2-h session, including rest and mild stress-inducing tasks. Cardiovascular data were recorded simultaneously across monitors using custom software. We administered the Comfort Rating Scales to children. Although the Polar monitor was less comfortable for children with autism than typically developing children, absolute scores demonstrated that, on average, all children found each monitor comfortable. For most children, data from the Mio Fuse (96%-100%) and Polar (83%-96%) passed quality thresholds of data robustness. Moreover, in the stress relative to rest condition, heart rate increased for the Polar, F(1,53) = 135.70, p < 0.001, ηp2  = 0.78, and Mio Fuse, F(1,53) = 71.98, p < 0.001, ηp2  = 0.61, respectively, and heart rate variability decreased for the Polar, F(1,53) = 13.41, p = 0.001, ηp2  = 0.26, and Mio Fuse, F(1,53) = 8.89, p = 0.005, ηp2  = 0.16, respectively. This feasibility study suggests that select consumer-grade wearable cardiovascular monitors can be used with children with autism and may be a promising means for tracking physiological stress or arousal responses in community settings. LAY SUMMARY: Commercially available heart rate trackers have the potential to advance stress research with individuals with autism. Due to sensory sensitivities common in autism, their comfort wearing such trackers is vital to gathering robust and valid data. After assessing six trackers with typically developing adults, we tested the best trackers (based on data quality) in typically developing children and children with autism and found that two of them met criteria for comfort, robustness, and validity.

Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research, 2022 · doi:10.2196/mhealth.9754