Assessment & Research

Are children diagnosed with the combined form of ADHD pervasively hyperactive?

Licht et al. (2009) · Behavior modification 2009
★ The Verdict

Combined-type ADHD rarely means non-stop motion—check real settings before you treat.

✓ Read this if BCBAs writing home-and-school behavior plans for kids with ADHD.
✗ Skip if Clinicians who only see clients in one setting.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Nine kids with combined-type ADHD wore a wrist actigraph for two weeks.

The device counted every move at home and at school.

No child took medicine.

Doctors wanted to see if hyperactivity really happens all day, every day.

02

What they found

Only one child met the "pervasive hyperactivity" rule.

The other eight were calm in at least one setting.

Parent and teacher reports overstated constant motion.

03

How this fits with other research

Laposa et al. (2017) later saw the same pattern with working-memory tests.

They also found ADHD traits come and go, not fixed categories.

Nevin et al. (2005) used lab tasks and saw high impulsivity.

The 2009 actigraphy moves that finding from a lab table to real life.

Lee et al. (2016) meta-analysis shows these kids still suffer.

Lower quality of life is real, even when hyperactivity is spotty.

04

Why it matters

Stop trusting "always hyper" on checklists.

Add an actigraph or simple step counter for one week.

Match treatment to the times and places motion actually spikes.

You may cut medication requests and keep stronger behavioral plans.

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Clip a cheap pedometer on the child for three school days and three home days, then graph where hyperactivity truly peaks.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
case control
Sample size
18
Population
adhd
Finding
negative

03Original abstract

Diagnostic criteria specified by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR ; American Psychological Association [APA], 2000) require that motor excess be present across situations, at home and school, in order to establish that this condition is a characteristic of the child. The article discusses a study whose primary purpose was to use actigraphy to validate teacher and parent reports of hyperactivity at home and school. Continuous activity measurements were recorded for each minute of each 24-hr period (1,440 measurements per child per day) for a full 7-day week, during school and at home, on 9 children clinically diagnosed with the combined form of ADHD and 9 control children clinically examined at the same community mental health clinic and determined not to meet diagnostic criteria. The article highlights that the children with ADHD had not yet started medication, and the study findings reveal that only 1 of 9 children diagnosed with the combined form of ADHD was measurably pervasively hyperactive as DSM-IV-TR inclusion criteria require. Implications are discussed.

Behavior modification, 2009 · doi:10.1177/0145445509344167