Assessment & Research

An examination of the phenomenology and the reliability of ratings of compulsive behavior in autism.

McBride et al. (1995) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 1995
★ The Verdict

Two staff-rated compulsive-behavior checklists give reliable data on adult autism, filling a gap flagged by earlier reviews.

✓ Read this if BCBAs working with autistic adults in residential or day-program settings.
✗ Skip if Clinicians who only serve young children or rely solely on parent-report tools.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Staff at a residential center watched 17 autistic adults every day.

They filled out two new rating sheets that list common compulsive acts.

The same staff repeated the sheets two weeks later so the team could check if scores stayed the same.

02

What they found

Both new scales showed solid test-retest and inter-rater reliability.

In plain words, different staff gave about the same score, and scores did not jump around from week to week.

03

How this fits with other research

One year earlier, Sturmey (1994) warned that most behavior checklists for "aberrant" acts had shaky reliability. The 1995 study answers that call by giving scales that actually hold steady.

Maddox et al. (2015) found that self-report ASD screens in outpatient adults miss a lot of cases. Their negative result looks like a clash, but it isn’t: they asked the clients to rate themselves, while A et al. asked trained staff to rate what they saw. Staff observers can give more stable data when clients have limited self-insight.

Nicholson et al. (2006) tested the QABF and also saw only modest inter-rater agreement for low-rate behaviors. The 1995 compulsive scales did better, likely because the items are simpler and the staff knew the adults well.

04

Why it matters

You now have two free, staff-friendly scales that reliably track repetitive, compulsive topographies in adults with autism. Use them to spot target behaviors, show change during treatment, and write solid goals for IHP or BSP plans.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Pick one of the new scales, brief your direct-care staff in 10 minutes, and collect baseline compulsive-behavior ratings before starting any intervention.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
other
Sample size
17
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

To clarify the nature of compulsive behavior in autism, staff reports of behavioral patterns of 17 young autistic adults living in a farmstead residential facility were analyzed. Three staff members, who had worked most closely with each resident for at least 3 months completed three questionnaires, including Quantitative and Qualitative compulsive behavior scales, and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). The questionnaires were completed on two occasions with a 2-week interval between administrations. Test-retest and interrater consistencies were examined for each of the scales. Both the Qualitative and Quantitative questionnaires show promise as instruments that could be used as objective baselines or descriptors for compulsive behavior in autism. Information gathered from these scales could be utilized to determine how to intervene in the behavior, and to assess progress in treatment programs.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 1995 · doi:10.1007/BF02179374