Assessment & Research

An examination of social interaction profiles based on the factors measured by the screen for social interaction.

Mahoney et al. (2014) · Research in developmental disabilities 2014
★ The Verdict

The SSI gives four clear social-interaction factors that separate autism from other groups and point you to the first skill to teach.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who screen or write treatment plans for school-age kids with autism or mixed diagnoses.
✗ Skip if Practitioners who only treat toddlers or who already use a full ADOS schedule for every case.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team looked at the Screen for Social Interaction (SSI). This is a parent checklist about how a child acts with others.

They ran a factor analysis. This math tool groups questions that move together. It shows what the test really measures.

02

What they found

Four clear factors popped out. One covers play skills, another covers social interest, and so on.

Kids with autism scored differently from typical kids and from kids with other mental-health needs. The four-factor profile helps tell the groups apart.

03

How this fits with other research

Tillmann et al. (2019) took the idea further. They showed that social-communication scores, not sensory or repetitive items, predict daily-life skills across the lifespan. Danitz et al. (2014) gave us the clean factors; Julian linked the social factor to real-world outcomes.

Fong et al. (2020) add another layer. They found that self-monitoring, an executive-function skill, predicts social gaps in autism. Together the papers say: use the SSI to spot social-interaction factors, then teach self-monitoring to close the gaps.

Moss et al. (2009) sounds gloomy—none of five toddler screeners worked well. The SSI study does not fight that claim; it simply gives a sharper tool for later screening after toddler age.

04

Why it matters

You now have a four-factor map inside the SSI. When a parent hands in the form, look at which factor is lowest. If play skills tank, start with peer-play scripts. If social interest is flat, use reinforcement for approaching others. The map tells you where to aim first.

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Print the SSI factor key, score this week’s intakes, and pick the lowest factor as your first teaching target.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
other
Population
autism spectrum disorder, mixed clinical, neurotypical
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

Deficits in the capacity to engage in social interactions are a core deficit associated with Autistic Disorder (AD) and Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). These deficits emerge at a young age, making screening for social interaction deficits and interventions targeted at improving capacity in this area important for early identification and intervention. Screening and early intervention efforts are particularly important given the poor short and long term outcomes for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) who experience social interaction deficits. The Screen for Social Interaction (SSI) is a well-validated screening measure that examines a child's capacity for social interaction using a developmental approach. The present study identified four underlying factors measured by the SSI, namely, Connection with Caregiver, Interaction/Imagination, Social Approach/Interest, and Agreeable Nature. The resulting factors were utilized to compare social interaction profiles across groups of children with AD, PDD-NOS, children with non-ASD developmental and/or psychiatric conditions and typically developing children. The results indicate that children with AD and those with PDD-NOS had similar social interaction profiles, but were able to be distinguished from typically developing children on every factor and were able to be distinguished from children with non-ASD psychiatric conditions on every factor except the Connection with Caregiver factor. In addition, children with non-ASD developmental and/or psychiatric conditions could be distinguished from typically developing children on the Connection with Caregiver factor and the Social Approach/Interest factor. These findings have implications for screening and intervention for children with ASDs and non-ASD psychiatric conditions.

Research in developmental disabilities, 2014 · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2014.06.008