Assessment & Research

An examination of iconic memory in children with autism spectrum disorders.

McMorris et al. (2013) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2013
★ The Verdict

Iconic memory works normally in autism, so quick visual cues are fair game.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running matching-to-sample, sight-word, or imitation programs with autistic learners.
✗ Skip if Clinicians focused on long-term working memory or executive-function interventions.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team tested iconic memory in 24 autistic kids and 24 typical kids. Ages ranged from 6 to 16. Each child saw a grid of letters flash for 300 ms. A tone then cued them to report one row.

They measured how many letters kids could recall, how fast the memory faded, and processing speed. Tasks lasted under 30 minutes and used no extra prompts.

02

What they found

Both groups remembered the same number of letters. Memory faded at the same speed. Processing times were equal.

The data show iconic memory is intact in autism. Brief visual cues work just as well for these kids.

03

How this fits with other research

Sasson et al. (2018) seems to disagree. They found kids with high autistic-like traits scored better on a visual working-memory game. The key difference: their sample had no autism diagnosis. Traits in typical kids may boost detail memory, yet clinical autism does not change the basic buffer.

Miller et al. (2014) also report a visual gap. Autistic kids were slower at detection and discrimination tasks. The new study looked at accuracy, not speed. Memory storage is fine; response output may still lag.

Boxum et al. (2018) line up with the null result. They showed autistic and typical kids predict hidden motion equally well. Together these papers suggest core visual encoding is preserved, while later motor or decision steps can differ.

04

Why it matters

You can use rapid flash cards, brief video clips, or fast model prompts without fear of memory loss. Keep instructions short and visual. If a child still struggles, look at response time or motor planning, not the initial sight trace.

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Flash target stimuli for 300 ms, then immediately prompt; no need to extend display time.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
quasi experimental
Sample size
39
Population
autism spectrum disorder, neurotypical
Finding
null
Magnitude
negligible

03Original abstract

Iconic memory is the ability to accurately recall a number of items after a very brief visual exposure. Previous research has examined these capabilities in typically developing (TD) children and individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID); however, there is limited research on these abilities in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Twenty-one TD and eighteen ASD children were presented with circular visual arrays of letters for 100 ms and were asked to recall as many letters as possible or a single letter that was cued for recall. Groups did not differ in the number of items recalled, the rate of information decay, or speed of information processing. These findings suggest that iconic memory is an intact skill for children with ASD, a result that has implications for subsequent information processing.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2013 · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1748-9