Assessment & Research

A review of five tests to identify motor coordination difficulties in young adults.

Hands et al. (2015) · Research in developmental disabilities 2015
★ The Verdict

BOT-2 is the best current test for adult DCD, but you still need to ask about real-life slips.

✓ Read this if BCBAs testing college students or young job seekers for motor delays.
✗ Skip if Clinicians who only see young kids or non-DCD motor issues.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Coleman et al. (2015) read every paper on five motor tests for young adults.

They asked: which test best spots Developmental Coordination Disorder?

The team compared the BOT-2, M-ABC, PDMS and two others in a narrative review.

02

What they found

BOT-2 came out on top for Criterion A — it shows who moves poorly.

No test fully caught Criterion B — how clumsy days feel at college or work.

Bottom line: we can spot the problem, but we still miss the life impact.

03

How this fits with other research

Tal-Saban et al. (2012) measured real-life slips in the same age group.

They found worse handwriting, slower chores and sadder moods.

BOT-2 scores link to these daily fails, yet the test does not ask about them.

Smits-Engelsman et al. (2018) later showed big gains after motor training.

Their meta-analysis says good tools must track change; Beth’s pick needs a daily-life add-on to do that.

04

Why it matters

Use BOT-2 first — it is the strongest yardstick we have.

Then add a quick checklist about handwriting, driving or mood.

This one-two punch gives both diagnosis and a baseline for your skill-building program.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Give your next 18-25 client the BOT-2 balance subset and two questions: “Any trouble writing fast?” and “Any near-miss while driving?”

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
narrative review
Population
developmental delay
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

Difficulties with low motor competence in childhood and adolescence, such as that seen in Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), often persist into adulthood. Identification of DCD at all ages is particularly challenging and problematic because of the diversity of motor symptoms. Many tests of motor proficiency and impairment have been developed for children up to 12 years of age. Whilst identification of DCD is important during childhood, it is of equal importance to identify and monitor the impact of this impairment as an individual grows and develops. Currently there is no test specifically designed to support diagnosis and monitor change in the age range 16-30 years. In this article we review five tests that have been used to assess motor competence among young adults (Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2, McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development, Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2, Tufts Assessment of Motor Performance and the Zurich Neuromotor Assessment). Key issues relevant to testing motor skills in older populations, such as the inclusion of age appropriate skills, are explored. While the BOT-2 provided the most evidence for valid and reliable measurement of Criterion A of the diagnostic criteria for DCD among this age group, no test adequately evaluated Criterion B. Further evaluation of motor skill assessment among the young adult population is needed.

Research in developmental disabilities, 2015 · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2015.05.009