Assessment & Research

A computerized test of self-control predicts classroom behavior.

Hoerger et al. (2006) · Journal of applied behavior analysis 2006
★ The Verdict

A five-minute computer choice game flags which kids will be hyper and inattentive in class.

✓ Read this if BCBAs doing school consults for K-3 students with ADHD or attention concerns.
✗ Skip if Clinicians who only serve adolescents or non-school settings.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team built a five-minute computer game. Kids chose between a small prize now or a bigger prize later.

They gave the game to children with ADHD traits and to typical peers. Then they watched each child in class for movement and attention.

02

What they found

Children who picked the instant prize moved more and paid less attention in class. The link showed up strongest for kids with ADHD features.

A quick choice test forecast real-world behavior that day.

03

How this fits with other research

Hake et al. (1983) already showed that self-control training plus medicine cuts hyperactivity. L et al. give you a fast way to spot who needs that package.

Chueh et al. (2025) looked deeper. They found that ADHD kids who are good at motor games also show brain scores close to typical peers. Both studies say self-control is malleable, but L et al. give you the five-minute screen.

Chiang et al. (2013) seem to disagree. They report that only inattention, not hyperactivity, hurts planning skills. L et al. link the impulsive choice to both movement and attention. The gap is about method: Huey-Ling used pencil tasks; L et al. used live class minutes.

04

Why it matters

You can run the CTSC while the student waits in line. A high impulsive score tells you to add self-management lessons or breaks before seatwork. No extra staff, no long IQ test, just five minutes that map to the rest of the school day.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Give the CTSC to one client this week; use the score to set a self-management goal before math time.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
quasi experimental
Sample size
30
Population
adhd, neurotypical
Finding
positive
Magnitude
medium

03Original abstract

We assessed choices on a computerized test of self-control (CTSC) for a group of children with features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and a group of controls. Thirty boys participated in the study. Fifteen of the children had been rated by their parents as hyperactive and inattentive, and 15 were age- and gender-matched controls in the same classroom. The children were observed in the classroom for three consecutive mornings, and data were collected on their activity levels and attention. The CTSC consisted of two tasks. In the delay condition, children chose to receive three rewards after a delay of 60 s or one reward immediately. In the task-difficulty condition, the children chose to complete a difficult math problem and receive three rewards or complete an easier problem for one reward. The children with ADHD features made more impulsive choices than their peers during both conditions, and these choices correlated with measures of their activity and attention in the classroom.

Journal of applied behavior analysis, 2006 · doi:10.1901/jaba.2006.171-04