Using Percentile Schedules to Increase Academic Fluency
Let the learner’s own top scores set the next reward level — two out of three skills got faster for one teen.
01Research in Context
What this study did
Clark and colleagues worked with one 14-year-old who had developmental delays.
They used a percentile schedule to decide when the teen earned tokens.
The teen practiced three academic skills each day in a quiet room.
What they found
Two of the three skills got faster and more accurate.
The third skill stayed flat, even with the same tokens.
The teen liked the clear rule: beat your own last five best scores.
How this fits with other research
Wong et al. (2022) looked at dozens of studies and say tougher mastery rules help skills last.
Clark’s percentile rule is one way to set that tougher bar.
Richling et al. (2019) warn that the old 80%-across-three-days rule often fails later.
Clark’s method gives a simple upgrade: let the learner’s own past scores set the new goal.
Why it matters
You can plug a percentile schedule into any fluency program tomorrow.
Just take the best five timings from last week and set the next reward at the 80th percentile.
No guess-work, and the bar rises only when the learner does better.
Try it on sight words, math facts, or typing — and track which skills climb like Clark’s two winners.
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02At a glance
03Original abstract
After a learner becomes accurate with a task, fluency must be shaped over time to reach the target goal. However, shaping criteria can be somewhat arbitrary; thus, an objective criteria has the potential to improve implementation consistency. One such method is through the use of percentile schedules. The purpose of the current study was to use a percentile schedule as a means of determining the reinforcement criterion to improve the fluency for three academic tasks. The participant was a 14‐year‐old boy diagnosed with developmental disabilities. The use of the percentile schedule based reinforcement criterion resulted in increased fluency with two of the three academic tasks. This study suggests that percentile schedules may provide an objective criterion for improving fluency. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavioral Interventions, 2016 · doi:10.1002/bin.1445