ABA Fundamentals

Using lag schedules to strengthen the intraverbal repertoires of children with autism.

Contreras et al. (2016) · Journal of applied behavior analysis 2016
★ The Verdict

Lag schedules quickly give you more varied answers from kids with autism—try two sessions first.

✓ Read this if BCBAs teaching intraverbal expansion to children with autism in clinic or home programs.
✗ Skip if Clinicians working only on motor or self-care goals right now.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team worked with three children with autism. They wanted more varied answers to questions like "Name a pet."

They used a lag schedule. The child had to give a different answer each time to earn a token.

Sessions ran a few times a week. If lag alone failed, they added quick variability training.

02

What they found

Two kids soon gave many new answers. The third child stayed stuck until the extra training was added.

Some answers were brand-new and had never been taught before.

03

How this fits with other research

Olin et al. (2020) ran almost the same setup and saw the same gain. Their kids kept the skill four weeks later.

Cohrs et al. (2017) added multiple-exemplar training first, then lag. They got flexible social answers in group play. The 2016 study shows you can skip that step for simple intraverbals.

Gardner et al. (2009) used lag-1 to boost early sounds in non-verbal toddlers. The 2016 paper moves the same idea up to full words and answers.

Jones et al. (2010) used lag-3 to vary block play. Both studies prove the rule works across very different skills.

04

Why it matters

You can widen a child’s intraverbal pool in one or two sessions. Start with lag-1 during easy questions. If answers stay stuck, add a quick variability drill. No extra toys or scripts are needed.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Pick one question the child knows well, set a lag-1 rule, and reinforce every new answer.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
single case other
Sample size
3
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Previous research has demonstrated the utility of using lag schedules of reinforcement to increase response variability of children with autism. However, little research has evaluated whether the lag schedule promotes variability from within an already-established repertoire or expands the current repertoire by promoting the use of new responses (i.e., those not previously demonstrated). Thus, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the extent to which lag schedules of reinforcement produced already-established intraverbal responses or novel responses for 3 children with autism. Results showed that lag schedules alone were sufficient to increase the number of different responses emitted for 2 participants, whereas brief variability training was needed for 1 participant. Further, some participants emitted novel responses throughout the experiment, suggesting that lag schedules may be an effective method for expanding a response class.

Journal of applied behavior analysis, 2016 · doi:10.1002/jaba.271