ABA Fundamentals

The structure of response rate.

Williams (1968) · Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior 1968
★ The Verdict

Response rate is a chain of mini-patterns, and you can adjust each link separately.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who thin reinforcement schedules with clients of any age.
✗ Skip if Practitioners only running dense VR or free-operant programs.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Thomas (1968) watched rats press a bar under fixed-interval and fixed-ratio schedules.

He broke each session into tiny time slices to see when responses sped up or slowed.

The goal was to find out if ‘response rate’ is one thing or many pieces stuck together.

02

What they found

Response rate is not a single number.

It is built from separate parts that show up in order.

Reinforcement probability decides which part grows and which part shrinks.

03

How this fits with other research

Davison (1969) zoomed in on the last few seconds before food.

He found a dip-peak pattern in interresponse times that Thomas (1968) had hinted at.

The two studies fit like puzzle pieces: 1968 shows the big arc, 1969 shows the final bump.

Catania et al. (1972) added matching-to-sample to the same FI schedule.

Accuracy rose and fell inside the same intervals where Thomas (1968) saw rate parts move.

This means the rate pieces and accuracy waves ride the same clock.

Rogers-Warren et al. (1976) gave adult humans a visible clock during FI.

Responses dropped but stayed efficient, showing the underlying parts can be tamed with extra stimuli.

04

Why it matters

When you thin a schedule, think in segments, not averages.

Watch for early, middle, and late patterns in each interval or ratio.

If problem behavior surges mid-interval, that segment may need its own support, not a whole-schedule change.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Split your next FI 5-min into three 100-s bins and chart responses per bin to see which piece needs help.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
single case other
Sample size
6
Population
other
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

Interresponse time distributions of the terminal rate under fixed-interval and fixed-ratio schedules were examined, using data from three rats in each case. By means of a sequential analysis, the overall interresponse time distributions were separated into orderly components. Consideration of the component distributions suggested that multiple determinants of rate act in succession, not simultaneously, and that probability of reinforcement has an important effect on the probability of occurrence of interresponse times.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 1968 · doi:10.1901/jeab.1968.11-251