ABA Fundamentals

Teaching children with autism to request items using audio scripts, interrupted chain procedure and sufficient exemplar training

Wójcik et al. (2021) · Behavioral Interventions 2021
★ The Verdict

Add audio scripts and alternating need/no-need trials to your interrupted-chain lessons so preschoolers with autism ask only when items are truly missing and keep the skill for months.

✓ Read this if BCBAs teaching functional communication to autistic preschoolers in clinic or home settings.
✗ Skip if Teams working with fluent speakers who already discriminate when to ask for help or items.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Wójcik et al. (2021) worked with three preschoolers with autism. The kids had trouble asking for things they needed.

The team mixed four tricks: they broke a play chain, swapped in missing items, used short audio scripts, and ran both "need it" and "don’t need it" trials. They called the last part EO-present and EO-absent training.

02

What they found

All three children learned to ask for the missing piece. They only asked when it was really needed.

The skill moved to new toys, new adults, and stayed strong three months later.

03

How this fits with other research

Griffith et al. (2012) first showed that breaking a chain teaches kids to mand for missing items. Wójcik adds scripts and EO-discrimination trials, making the lesson clearer and longer lasting.

Rodriguez et al. (2017) used the same "need it / don’t need it" set-up to teach help requests. Wójcik copies that logic but targets item requests instead.

Nixon et al. (2014) paired audio scripts with multiple toys to grow vocal play. Wójcik slides the same script-plus-exemplar plan into the interrupted-chain frame.

04

Why it matters

If you run interrupted-chain drills, add short audio scripts and mix EO-present with EO-absent trials. The scripts give the exact words, and the mixed trials stop useless begging. Kids learn faster, generalize wider, and keep the skill for months.

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Pick one toy chain, remove a key piece, play an audio script "I need the ___", and run five trials with the piece missing and five with it present; praise only correct requests.

02At a glance

Intervention
functional communication training
Design
multiple baseline across participants
Sample size
3
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
positive
Magnitude
large

03Original abstract

AbstractWe examined whether an interrupting chain procedure with establishing operation (EO)‐absent and EO‐present trials and sufficient exemplar training was effective in teaching three preschool‐aged children with autism to request missing items. Children were taught to request missing items across three different skill domains (play, self‐help, and academic tasks), and audio scripts were used as prompts. We employed a non‐concurrent multiple‐baseline design across participants. All three participants learned to request missing items during EO‐present trials and to refrain from doing so during EO‐absent trials. The behavior transferred to untrained tasks, generalized to new people, and was maintained at follow‐up 3 months after the intervention.

Behavioral Interventions, 2021 · doi:10.1002/bin.1761