Stimulus generalization as a function of the delay between training and testing procedures: a reevaluation.
A three-minute warm-up restores yesterday’s steep stimulus generalization curve in pigeons.
01Research in Context
What this study did
Schroeder et al. (1969) worked with pigeons to see what happens to stimulus generalization after a long break.
Birds first learned to peck a colored key for food. The next day some birds started the test right away. Others got a quick three-minute warm-up first.
What they found
After 24 hours the generalization curve looked flat. The birds responded almost the same way to every color.
A short warm-up with the original color brought the steep peak back. The curve looked just like it did on day one.
How this fits with other research
Stevenson (1966) showed that spacing test colors close together also flattens the curve. R et al. now show that time alone can do the same thing.
Northup et al. (1991) later kept pigeons accurate after 24 hours in a memory task. Their trick was extra training with a distractor key. Both studies say the same thing: a small prompt keeps old learning alive.
Harris et al. (1978) saw a U-shaped memory curve in conditioned suppression. R et al. found a similar dip and recovery in stimulus control. The shape differs, but the message matches: behavior weakens then bounces back with the right cue.
Why it matters
If you test a client after a weekend, the skill may look gone. Run a quick warm-up with the original stimulus first. Five reinforced trials can restore the sharp discrimination you saw on Friday. Use this before probe sessions, toilet-training checks, or any task that sat idle for a day.
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02At a glance
03Original abstract
Three groups of 12 pigeons each were trained to discriminate between lights of 550 mmu (S(D)), correlated with 1-min variable-interval reinforcement and 570 mmu (S(Delta)), correlated with extinction. Group A was tested for wavelength generalization in extinction 1 min after meeting the discrimination criterion; Group B was tested 24 hr later; Group C was tested 24 hr later after a 3-min (reinforced) warm-up with the S(D). The post-discrimination gradient of Group B was significantly flatter and showed significantly greater area shift than that of Groups A and C. The gradient of Group C was similar to that of Group A, indicating that the warm-up eliminated the effect of the delay period.
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 1969 · doi:10.1901/jeab.1969.12-105