ABA Fundamentals

Some parameters affecting the distributional properties of operant-level running in rats.

PREMACK et al. (1963) · Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior 1963
★ The Verdict

Check inter-response time first when response rate changes—it’s the lever that moves.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who track free-operant behavior in clinics or animal labs.
✗ Skip if Clinicians who only run discrete-trial drills with fixed inter-trial intervals.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team watched rats run in a wheel. They counted every burst and the quiet time between bursts.

No food or water was used. The rats just ran when they wanted. The study mapped the natural pattern.

02

What they found

When a rat ran more often, the main change was shorter gaps between bursts.

The bursts themselves stayed the same length and speed. Quiet time shrank, not the run.

03

How this fits with other research

PREMACSALZINGER et al. (1962) saw the same thing one year earlier. They had limited wheel time and still found quiet time did the shrinking. The 1963 paper shows the rule holds even with free access.

Simpson et al. (2001) later showed that within a single session the running rate falls. They blamed habituation, not tired legs. Together the three studies say: watch the gaps, and if the rate drops mid-session, try a quick break or new cue to refresh the animal.

04

Why it matters

For BCBAs, the lesson is simple. When a client’s response rate climbs, first check the inter-response time, not the length of each response. If the rate fades within a session, think habituation: add a brief pause, change the stimulus, or shift tasks to bring the behavior back.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Time the quiet gaps between responses today; shorten them with a quick prompt if you want more output.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
single case other
Sample size
6
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

Six adult female albino rats were subjected to operations known to increase the frequency of wheel-running. Operations included limited access to wheel, food deprivation, and protracted maintenance on a 24-hr feeding schedule. A distributional analysis of response duration, burst duration, and inter-burst interval showed that the increased frequency in all cases arose mainly from a shortening of the interval between successive bursts. Only short-term food deprivation produced any notable increase in burst length, and even here changes in both speed of the individual responses and in number of responses per burst were slight compared to changes in inter-burst interval.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 1963 · doi:10.1901/jeab.1963.6-473